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Relative clauses were elicited using a preference task, BAMBI ADIF (Friedmann & Szterman, 2005; Novogrodsky & Friedmann, 2006). In this task, the children were presented with a short story about two figures and are required to choose which of the figures they prefer to be. The task was constructed in a way that the choice has to be formulated as a relative clause. There were 20 short stories per participant, 10 eliciting subject relatives and 10 eliciting object relatives. The stories that elicit subject relatives described two children (two boys for a male participant, two girls for a female participant) performing two actions; the stories that elicit object relatives described two children who were the themes of an action performed by two different agents or two actions performed by the same agent or causer. The order of the subject and object relative target sentences was randomized. Responses were analyzed for total number of responses on target, as well as error types.
(1) Elicitation of subject relative:
There are two boys, one boy visits a friend and one boy invites a friend, which boy would you rather be? Start with "I would rather be" or "The child…"
Target sentence: (Hayiti maadif lihiot) Ha-yeled she-mevaker xaver.
'(I would rather be) the boy who visits a friend.'
(2) Elicitation of object relative:
There are two girls, The mother wakes up one girl, and the alarm clock wakes up one girl, which girl would you rather be?
Target sentence: (Hayiti maadifa lihiot) ha-yalda she-Ima meira.
'(I would rather be) The girl that the mother wakes.'
Elicitation of Subject and Object Relative clauses of BCECTS children as compared to a typically developing (TD) control group
Ungrammatical Object Relative responses
Ungrammatical Object Relative responses
Filled gap – full NP in the gap position
Target answer: Ha-yeled she-ha-rofe bodek
‘the boy that the doctor examines.’
Response: *ha-yeled she-ha-rofe bodek et-ha-yeled
* I would rather be the-boy that-the-doctor examines ACC-the-boy
* ‘I would rather be the boy that the doctor examines the boy.’
Ungrammatical omission of the relative head
Target answer: hayiti ma’adif lihiot Ha-yeled she-ha-rofe bodek
‘I would rather be the boy that the doctor examines.’
Response: * hayiti ma’adif lihiot she-ha-rofe bodek et-ha-yeled
* I would rather be that-the-doctor examines ACC-the-boy
* ‘I would rather be that the doctor examines the boy.’
(5) Ungrammatical OR – subject with an ACC-marker
Target answer: hayiti ma’adifa lihiot Ha-yalda she-ha-rofaa bodeket
‘I would rather be the girl that the doctor examines.’
Response: * hayiti ma’adifa lihiot et-Ha-yalda she-ha-rofaa bodeket
* I would rather be ACC-the-girl that-the-doctor examines
* ‘I would rather be that the doctor examines.’
Subject relative instead of an object relative with an omission of the complementizer
Target answer: hayiti ma’adifa lihiot Ha-yalda she-ima mecalemet
‘I would rather be the girl that mom photographs.’
Response: * hayiti ma’adifa lihiot Ima mecalemet yalda axat
* I would rather be mom photographs girl one
* ‘I would rather be mom photographs some girl.’
Ungrammatical passivization
Target answer: hayiti ma’adif lihiot Ha-yeled she-ha-sapar mesaper
‘I would rather be the boy that the barber cuts (his hair).’
Response: * hayiti ma’adif lihiot hayeled she-mesupar al yedey ha-sapar
* I would rather be the boy that-been-cut by the-barber
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