The City of Thief River Falls, population 8,722, is located in Northwestern Minnesota in Pennington County, approximately 70 miles south of the Canadian border, where the Thief River flows into the Red Lake River. Not only does Thief River Falls serve as a regional center for its agricultural base, it has also developed and retained a commercial and industrial base that includes numerous manufacturing and distribution center jobs, while being surrounded by rivers, wildlife refuges and forests.

The Wadeable Streams Assessment (WSA) provided the first statistically sound summary of the ecological condition of streams and small rivers in the US. Information provided in the assessment filled an important gap in meeting the requirements of the US Clean Water Act. The purpose of the WSA was to: 1) report on the ecological condition of all wadeable, perennial streams and rivers within the conterminous US, 2) describe the biological condition of these systems with direct measures of aquatic life, and 3) identify and rank the relative importance of chemical and physical stressors affecting stream and river condition. The assessment included perennial wadeable streams and rivers that accounted for 95% of the length of flowing waters in the US. The US Environmental Protection Agency, states, and tribes collected chemical, physical, and biological data at 1392 randomly selected sites. Nationally, 42% of the length of US streams was in poor condition compared to best available reference sites in their ecoregions, 25% was in fair condition, and 28% was in good condition. Results were reported for 3 major regions: Eastern Highlands, Plains and Lowlands, and West. In the West, 45% of the length of wadeable flowing waters was in good condition. In the Eastern Highlands, only 18% of the length of wadeable streams and rivers was in good condition and 52% was in poor condition. In the Plains and Lowlands, almost 30% of the length of wadeable streams and rivers was in good condition and 40% was in poor condition. The most widespread stressors observed nationally and in each of the 3 major regions were N, P, riparian disturbance, and streambed sediments. Excess nutrients and excess streambed sediments had the highest impact on biological condition; streams scoring poor for these stressors were at 2 to 3 higher risk of having poor biological condition than were streams that scored in the good range for the same stressors. Condition of stream ecosystems in the US: an overview of the first national assessment (PDF Download Available). Available from: _Condition_of_stream_ecosystems_in_the_US_an_overview_of_the_first_national_assessment [accessed Jul 9, 2015].


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N2 - Global climate changes frequently cause severe flooding which damage peoples' properties and lives in Taiwan. As a result, the Taiwan government initiated a long-term plan to prevent flooding by regulating 130 rivers in flood-prone areas. However, the budget is limited and cannot meet the total cost of the hydraulic engineering of the 130 rivers. How to objectively and efficiently prioritize rivers that need to be regulated remains a major challenge for the government. This research collected the information of regulating 130 rivers in terms of their costs and benefits; then it utilized a hybrid method that integrates both the dynamic programming and the Pare to front analysis (designated as DPPF here)to develop a budget allocation model. The results show that this model can help the government to save up to NT$ 2.153 billion annually.

AB - Global climate changes frequently cause severe flooding which damage peoples' properties and lives in Taiwan. As a result, the Taiwan government initiated a long-term plan to prevent flooding by regulating 130 rivers in flood-prone areas. However, the budget is limited and cannot meet the total cost of the hydraulic engineering of the 130 rivers. How to objectively and efficiently prioritize rivers that need to be regulated remains a major challenge for the government. This research collected the information of regulating 130 rivers in terms of their costs and benefits; then it utilized a hybrid method that integrates both the dynamic programming and the Pare to front analysis (designated as DPPF here)to develop a budget allocation model. The results show that this model can help the government to save up to NT$ 2.153 billion annually.

Nearly all studied Rovno amber inclusions from Rovno Region were collected from Klesov and the Horyn River Basin (Perkovsky et al. 2010; Perkovsky 2017) except new collections from the more western basins of the Styr and Stokhod rivers and especially the Veselukha River floodplain between them (Lyubarsky and Perkovsky 2020). These new collections (mostly from Voronki and Velyki Telkovichi) revealed a number of new species of beetles, neuropterans and snakeflies (Jaoszyski and Perkovsky 2019; Legalov et al. 2019; Colombo et al. 2020; Perkovsky and Makarkin 2019, 2020; Makarkin and Perkovsky 2020; Lyubarsky and Perkovsky 2020; Radchenko and Khomych 2020; Perkovsky et al. 2020) as well as new mosses and liverworts (Mamontov et al. 2020 and references therein), including the first named amber Sphagnum from Velyki Telkovichi and some species previously recorded from Baltic amber (Perkovsky and Olmi 2018; Martynova et al. 2019; Mamontov et al. 2020) or from Baltic and Bitterfeld ambers (Radchenko and Perkovsky 2018, 2020). 2351a5e196

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