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When electrons are in their lowest or minimum energy state or most stable we say they are in their ground state.
When electrons are in their lowest or minimum energy state or most stable we say they are in their ground state.
Electrons occupy discrete energy levels and need to absorb an exact amount of energy to move to a higher level.
Electrons occupy discrete energy levels and need to absorb an exact amount of energy to move to a higher level.
Photons can provide this energy but need to have certain frequency to provide this energy which can be calculated using E = hf.
Photons can provide this energy but need to have certain frequency to provide this energy which can be calculated using E = hf.
If an electron receives exactly the right amount of energy, excitation promotes an orbital electron to a higher energy level. There are a few reasons for excitation. These could be electron impact, light or discrete quanta in the form of photons, or external energy source.
If an electron receives exactly the right amount of energy, excitation promotes an orbital electron to a higher energy level. There are a few reasons for excitation. These could be electron impact, light or discrete quanta in the form of photons, or external energy source.
Ionisation can occur when an electron receives enough energy to leave the atom completely.
Ionisation can occur when an electron receives enough energy to leave the atom completely.
If an electron is excited or promoted to a higher level, the electron will relax and become de-excited, falling back to its ground state emitting a photon of EM radiation.
If an electron is excited or promoted to a higher level, the electron will relax and become de-excited, falling back to its ground state emitting a photon of EM radiation.
The wavelength or frequency depends on the energy change between the levels. Can again be calculated using E=hf.
The wavelength or frequency depends on the energy change between the levels. Can again be calculated using E=hf.
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