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Delta
Delta is the amount an option price is expected to move based on a $1 increase in the underlying stock
Gamma
Rate of change in an option's delta per 1-point move in the underlying asset's price
Theta
Money that you lose everyday because you get closer to expiration
Vega
Change in the option value for every 1% increase in volatility
Delta is always between -1 and 1 (between 0 to 1 for calls and -1 to 0 for puts)
Put option's delta is always negative (think of it as because you want the put option price to go down)
The further OTM of an option, the delta magnitude of delta becomes less and less. (Further away from current market, the lesser a big move has on your profit margin, less impact it has)
Grows as option moves ITM and shrinks as option moves further OTM
Can be interpreted as the % chance of expiring ITM (e.g. Delta of 0.4 can be thought of as 40% of the option expiring ITM). Hence -1/1 shows that the option is very much ITM.
*Important to note
If option is very far OTM, market participants are pricing it such that underlying will not reach strike by expiration. Hence, option will be very cheap and the delta will be very small
Always positive for both puts and calls
Value of Gamma declines regardless of if you move ITM or OTM
Highest for at-the-money (ATM) options
Gamma is what drives the increased value of your option relative to the stock price move
Gamma is also seen as a "change in shares"
Buying an option means you have a "long" gamma position
Selling an option means you have a "short" gamma position
For a call option, you want the underlying to increase so the option is worth more
For a put option, you want the underlying to decrease so the option is worth more
Analogy: Think of Delta is your speed, while Gamma is your acceleration
Put option value and underlying price always moves in opposite direction
Call option value and underlying price always moves in the same direction
Put Option's Delta is negative, Call Option's Delta is positive
Always negative
Always working against you as an option buyer, but not as an option seller (ie Theta works in advantage of option sellers)
Theta is bigger for those that are closer to the current strike price
Theta (and other greeks) are not a fixed figure, as options are priced ultimately by demand and supply
Rate of theta decay accelerates nearing expiry
A "long" gamma results in a cost of theta and vice versa
Characteristics
Near term options have high Gamma and high Theta, lower cost of the option
Longer dated options, cost less time decay (Theta) but earns less for a given move (due to lower Gamma)
Always positive
Increase in volatility can lead both ways
Major Selloff
Major Rally
Closer to ATM, the larger the Vega
Options with a longer expiration may react more/more sensitive to a change in volatility (further from expiration, the higher the Vega)
Higher IV means higher options prices
Current Underlying Price: $45
Day 1: Stock moves up by $1 to $46
Premium increases by $0.35 (due to delta) to $1.65
Decreases by $0.02 (due to theta). End of day price is $1.63
Day 2: Stock moves up by $1 to $47, IV increases by 1%
Premium increases by $0.35 (delta) + $0.06 (gamma) to $2.04
Decreases by $0..02 to $2.02 (due to theta)
Increases by $0.07 due to (vega). End of day price is $2.09
Assuming option price is at $0.95 after day 1
Day 2: Stock moves up by another $1 to $47, IV increases by 1%
Premium decrease by $-0.35 (delta) + $0.06 (gamma) to $0.66
Increases by $0.07 due to (vega). End of day price is $0.73
New delta is $-0.35 +0.06 = $-0.29
Assumption on Day 1: No change in IV
Assumption for both: IV does not change on Day 1
Measures how much an option's price changes relatively to the risk-free rate
Explanation of Greeks and how it is used
Brief explanation of the various Greeks