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Cold War Comes to Asia
Cold War Comes to Asia
In 1949, Communist forces led by Mao Zedong took control of China and the Cold War spread to Asia. The United States had been backing the nationalist Jiamg Jieshi over the communist Mao Zedong in the Chinese Civil War. The fall of China was a shock to the United States and President Harry Truman took the blame for “losing China.” The U.S. response to the fall of China was to more aggressively confront communism in the world.
North Korea Invades South Korea
North Korea Invades South Korea
On June 25, 1950, when the communist troops of North Korea poured across the 38th parallel to invade South Korea, U.S. President Harry S. Truman lost no time responding. Following his foreign policy, known as the Truman Doctrine, which stated that the U.S. would provide support for countries threatened by the spread of communism, Truman and his administration moved fast to implement his doctrine of backing “free peoples” (in this case, the South Koreans) seeking to contain communist aggression (the invading North Koreans.) They feared the domino theory, that if one country fell to communism, the surrounding countries would follow.
Douglas MacArthur vs. President Truman
Douglas MacArthur vs. President Truman
Instead of asking Congress for a declaration of war against North Korea, Truman decided to go through the United Nations. The United Nations Security Council declared North Korea the aggressor and sent a coalition of troops from 15 nations to restore peace. General Douglas MacArthur was put in command the United Nations coalition forces. MacArthur landed forces at Inchon, suprising the North Koreans by cutting off their main forces from the North.
MacArthur's forces pushed the North Koreans back to the 38th Parallel and then decided to invade North Korea. The Chinese Army joins the fight and the coalition troops were forced to retreat. MacArthur wanted to invade China and liberate it from communist control by using nuclear weapons. When President Truman refused to implement his ideas, MacArthur criticized Truman in public and was removed from command.
Armestice is Signed
Armestice is Signed
In 1952, Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected President of the United States. He pledged to end the war in Korea if elected. An armistice was signed between the United States and North Korea in 1953. The agreement provided for a "demilitarized zone" between North and South Korea. The armistice left Korea divided exactly as it was divided before the war.
clue #2:
clue #2:
This area serves to separate North and South Korea and is not used by the military on either side. _____________________________ __________________________
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