The PDF link provides download access (in most cases) to an accepted version or a preprint of the manuscript.

Magazine

• [M1] Raymond Leung, Andrew J. Hill and Arman Melkumyan. Automation and AI technology in surface mining: a brief introduction to open-pit operations in the Pilbara [Survey]. IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine, 32(3): 164-183, September 2025. DOI: 10.1109/MRA.2023.3328457. (Latest version PDF) 

Journals

• [J15] Anna Chlingaryan, Arman Melkumyan and Raymond Leung. IntegralGP: Volumetric estimation of subterranean geochemical properties in mineral deposits by fusing assay data with different spatial supports. Expert Systems with Applications, 298-Part A:Article 129429, 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2025.129429 (PDF)

• [J14] Raymond Leung, Alexander Lowe and Arman Melkumyan. Evaluating the uncertainty and predictive performance of probabilistic models devised for grade estimation in a porphyry copper deposit. Modelling, 6(2):Article 50, 2025. DOI: 10.3390/modelling6020050 (PDF) (Supplementary materials)

• [J13] Anna Chlingaryan, Raymond Leung and Arman Melkumyan. Augmenting stationary covariance functions with a smoothness hyperparameter and improving Gaussian Process regression using a structural similarity index. Mathematical Geosciences, 56: 605-637, 2024. DOI: 10.1007/s11004-023-10095-5. (PDF) (SSIM computation)

• [J12] Lloyd Windrim, Arman Melkumyan, Richard J. Murphy, Anna Chlingaryan and Raymond Leung. Unsupervised ore/waste classification on open-cut mine faces using close-range hyperspectral data. Geoscience Frontiers, 14:Article 101562, 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2023.101562. (PDF)

• [J11] Raymond Leung. Measuring sampling fairness and geochemical consensus for blasthole assays within grade-block mining units. Computers & Geosciences, 171:Article 105286, 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.cageo.2023.105286. (PDF)

• [J10] Raymond Leung, Mehala Balamurali and Alexander Lowe. Surface warping incorporating machine learning assisted domain likelihood estimation: a new paradigm in mine geology modeling and automation. Mathematical Geosciences: SI in Geostatistics and Machine Learning, 54(3): 533-572, April 2022. DOI: 10.1007/s11004-021-09967-5. (PDF)

• [J9] Raymond Leung, Alexander Lowe, Anna Chlingaryan, Arman Melkumyan and John Zigman. Bayesian surface warping approach for rectifying geological boundaries using displacement likelihood and evidence from geochemical assays. ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems, 8(1):1-23, March 2022. DOI: 10.1145/3476979. (PDF)

• [J8] Raymond Leung, Mehala Balamurali and Arman Melkumyan. Sample truncation strategies for outlier removal in geochemical data: the MCD robust distance approach versus t-SNE ensemble clustering. Mathematical Geosciences, 53(1):105-130, 2021. DOI: 10.1007/s11004-019-09839-z. (PDF)

• [J7] Raymond Leung. Modelling orebody structures: Block merging algorithms and block model spatial restructuring strategies given mesh surfaces of geological boundaries. Journal of Spatial Information Science, 21:137-174, 2020. DOI: 10.5311/JOSIS.2020.21.582. (PDF)

• [J6] Raymond Leung. Subsurface boundary geometry modeling: Applying computational physics, computer vision, and signal processing techniques to geoscience. IEEE Access, 7:161680-161696, 2019. DOI: 10.1109/access.2019.2951605. (PDF)

• [J5] Peter Hatherly, Raymond Leung, Steven Scheding and Danielle Robinson. Drill monitoring results reveal geological conditions in blasthole drilling. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 78:144-154, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2015.05.006. (PDF)

• [J4] Nasir Ahsan, Steven Scheding, Sildomar T. Monteiro, Raymond Leung, Charles McHugh and Danielle Robinson. Adaptive sampling applied to blast-hole drilling in surface mining. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 75:244-255, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2015.01.009. (PDF)

• [J3] Raymond Leung and Steven Scheding. Automated coal seam detection using a modulated specific energy measure in a monitor-while-drilling context. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 75:196-209, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2014.10.012. (PDF)

• [J2] Raymond Leung and David Taubman. Perceptual optimization for scalable video compression based on visual masking principles. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 19(3):309-322, 2009. DOI: 10.1109/TCSVT.2009.2017078. (PDF)

• [J1] Raymond Leung and David Taubman. Transform and embedded coding techniques for maximum efficiency and random accessibility in 3-D scalable compression. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 14(10):1632-1646, 2005. DOI: 10.1109/TIP.2005.851707.

Pre-prints

• [P1] ---

Conferences

• [C8] Raymond Leung, Andrew J. Hill and Arman Melkumyan. Automation and Artificial Intelligence technology in surface mining: state of the art, challenges and opportunities. IEEE International Conference on Robotics & Automation, ICRA Yokohama, Session WeBT04.01, 2024. (PDF) (Supplementary Material)

• [C7] Adrian Ball, John Zigman, Arman Melkumyan, Anna Chlingaryan, Katherine Silversides and Raymond Leung. Addressing application challenges with large-scale geological boundary modelling. In S.A. Avalos Sotomayor, J.M. Ortiz Cabrera, and R.M. Srivastava, editors, Geostatistics Toronto 2021. Quantitative Geology and Geostatistics. Proceedings, 11th International Geostatistics Congress, pages 221-236. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-19845-8_17. (Comments)

• [C6] Raymond Leung and David Taubman. Scalable video compression and spatiotemporal scalability with lifted pyramid and antialiased DWT schemes. In Proceedings, 15th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, pages 1216-1219, San Diego, CA, 2008. DOI: 10.1109/ICIP.2008.4711980. (PDF)

• [C5] Raymond Leung and David Taubman. Minimizing the perceptual impact of visual distortion in scalable wavelet compressed video. In Proceedings, 13th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, pages 633–636, Atlanta, GA, 2006 DOI: 10.1109/ICIP.2006.312460. (PDF)

• [C4] Raymond Leung and David Taubman. Perceptual mappings for visual quality enhancement in scalable video compression. In Proceedings, 12th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing 2005, volume 2, pages II–65, Genoa, Italy, 2005. DOI: 10.1109/ICIP.2005.1529992.

• [C3] Raymond Leung and David Taubman. Impact of motion on the random access efficiency of scalable compressed video. In Proceedings, 12th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing 2005, volume 3, pages III–167, Genoa, Italy, 2005. DOI: 10.1109/ICIP.2005.1530355. (PDF)

• [C2] Raymond Leung and David Taubman. Context modeling and accessibility for 3D scalable compression. In Proceedings, 10th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (Cat. No. 03CH37429), volume 2, pages II–65, Barcelona, Spain, 2003. DOI: 10.1109/ICIP.2003.1246617.

• [C1] David Taubman, Raymond Leung and Andrew Secker. Scalable compression of volumetric images. In Proceedings, 9th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, volume 2, Rochester, NY, 2002. DOI: 10.1109/ICIP.2002.1039934. (PDF)

Non peer-reviewed

• [N2] Raymond Leung, Konstantin Seiler and Andrew J. Hill. Data analytics for open-pit mining: examining vehicle interactions, material movement and compositional uncertainty with bucket inference and Monte Carlo simulation, 2023 (PDF)

• [N1] Raymond Leung. Empirical observations on the effects of data transformation in machine learning classification of geological domains., arXiv e-print, 2021. DOI: 10.48550/ARXIV.2106.05855. (PDF)

Open-Source Software

• [S3] Raymond Leung. An experience with PyCUDA: Refactoring an existing implementation of a ray-surface intersection algorithm. Source code available at github.com/raymondleung8/gpu-ray-surface-intersection-in-cuda/tree/main/pycuda, BSD-3 license. DOI: 10.48550/ARXIV.2305.01867. arXiv preprint, 2023 (PDF)

• [S2] Raymond Leung. GPU implementation of a ray-surface intersection algorithm in CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture). Source code available at github.com/raymondleung8/gpu-ray-surface-intersection-in-cuda, distributed under BSD-3 license. DOI: 10.48550/ARXIV.2209.02878. arXiv preprint, 2022. (PDF)

• [S1] Raymond Leung. MSF-GC: Measuring sampling fairness and geochemical consensus. Source code available at github.com/raymondleung8/sampling-fairness-geochemical-consensus, distributed under GPL-3.0 license. GitHub, 2022.

ISO/IEC Standards

• [I1] David Taubman, Nagita Mehrseresht and Raymond Leung. SVC (Scalable Video Coding) technical contribution: Overview of recent technology developments at UNSW. [Technical report] IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11, 2004.

Patents

• [W1] Danielle Robinson, Mehala Balamurali, Arman Melkumyan, Alexander Lowe, Raymond Leung and Tamara Vasey. Automated updating of geological model boundaries for improved ore extraction. Assigned: 2021-12-06. Published: 2022-02-17. Patent US20220049606A1 (Description)

Thesis

• [T1] Raymond Leung. Scalable video compression with optimized visual performance and random accessibility. PhD thesis, University of New South Wales, 2006. DOI: 10.26190/unsworks/23614/.

Book chapters

• [B1] Mehala Balamurali and Raymond Leung. Statistical outliers. In B.S. Daya Sagar, Qiuming Cheng, Jennifer McKinley and Frits Agterberg, editors, Encyclopedia of Mathematical Geosciences, Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series (EESS). Springer, Cham, 2022. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-26050-7_445-1.