ISO 21457 Materials Selection And Corrosion Control For Oil And ....pdf |WORK|

ISO 21457:2010 identifies the corrosion mechanisms and parameters for evaluation when performing selection of materials for pipelines, piping and equipment related to transport and processing of hydrocarbon production, including utility and injection systems. This includes all equipment from and including the well head, to and including pipelines for stabilized products. ISO 21457:2010 is not applicable to downhole components.

The scope for this paper is to discuss recommended application limits for materials in specific environments given in international and national standards such as ISO(1) 214571 and NORSOK(2) M-001. 2 The focus in this paper is on exposure in marine environments, seawater carrying systems and Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking (HISC) from cathodic protection (CP) in seawater. NORSOK M-001 Materials Selection was first time published in 1997 and has been revised 4 times and the current edition 5 was published in 2014. The scope for this standard is to provide guidance and requirements for material selection and corrosion protection for hydrocarbon production and process facilities and supporting systems. The last edition of the standard has been modified to give additional requirements to ISO 21457 "Materials selection and corrosion control for oil and gas production systems".

ISO 21457 Materials Selection And Corrosion Control For Oil And ....pdf

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The ISO 21457 was published in September 2010. The basis for the development was the NORSOK Standard M-001 and internal documents from different operators. The purpose with this standard was to develop a standard on materials selection that should be a "Materials requirements standard" that should be used as general guidance on corrosion evaluations and materials selection for the standard types of equipment and facilities.3 The idea was to develop a standard that should focus on the common systems covering more than 80% of the materials selection for a project. This allows the project to focus on the complex and project specific materials selections. Both NORSOK M-001 and ISO 21457 identify candidate materials and application limits for different applications that are discussed in this paper.

The ever-growing energy demand requires the exploration and the safe, profitable exploitation of unconventional reserves. The extreme environments of some of these unique prospects challenge the boundaries of traditional engineering alloys, as well as our understanding of the underlying degradation mechanisms that could lead to a failure. Despite their complexity, high-pressure and high-temperature, deep and ultra-deep, pre-salt, and Arctic reservoirs represent the most important source of innovation regarding materials technology, design methodologies, and corrosion control strategies. This paper provides an overview of trends in materials and corrosion research and development, with focus on subsea production but applicable to the entire industry. Emphasis is given to environmentally assisted cracking of high strength alloys and advanced characterization techniques based on in situ electrochemical nanoindentation and cantilever bending testing for the study of microstructure-environment interactions.

Although these market segments are technically challenging and require significant capital investment,5 they have the potential to transform existing technologies and represent the most important source of innovation regarding materials, design methodologies, and corrosion control strategies. This section summarizes the typical environmental conditions that characterize extreme O&G environments.

Even though conventional reservoirs can be equally corrosive, HPHT prospects are considered particularly challenging regarding materials performance due to their high pressures, high temperatures, or both.17 In this regard, EAC and localized corrosion are the prime materials degradation concerns. For instance, the recently released API 17TR8 report mandates EAC testing to quantify the susceptibility of the materials to the environment and to obtain engineering design parameters such as allowable stresses, fracture toughness, and crack-growth rates.7

The approach developed by Anderko et al. has tremendous potential as it could be used to revise ISO 15156-3 limits and optimize materials selection. Additionally, the combination of a robust quantitative model and, e.g., sensors could be implemented in new corrosion risk management tools. For example, reference electrodes added to oilfield equipment could monitor E Corr over time. E Corr data could, then, be compared to E RP values, estimated as a function of the actual composition of the produced fluids. More research is needed to extend the approach to other CRA families, in particular, DSS and SDSS since their current environmental boundaries are perceived as being excessively conservative.80

Today I would like to summary my understanding about material selection for seawater applications. Seawater is considered complex and unpredictable, it has variations in temperature, oxygen content, flow, salinity, biological activities, pollution, etc, that can cause significant difference in corrosion properties.

In Qatar oil and gas has been produced from onshore fields in more than 70 years, while the first offshore field delivered its first crude oil in 1965. Due to the atmospheric conditions in Qatar with periodically high humidity, high chloride content, dust/sand combined with the temperature variations, external corrosion is a big treat to the installations and connecting infrastructure. Internal corrosion in tubing, piping and process systems is also a challenge due to high H2S content in the hydrocarbon mixture and exposure to corrosive aquifer water. To avoid corrosion different type of mitigations like application of coating, chemical treatment and material selection are important elements. This presentation will review the experiences with corrosion challenges for oil & gas installations in Qatar including some examples of corrosion failures that have been seen. be457b7860