Laser: 

Interaction of radiation with matter: Absorption, Spontaneous emission and Stimulated emission. Characteristics of Laser, Resonating cavity, active medium, Pumping methods and mechanisms, population inversion, Construction and working of Lasers: Nd:YAG Laser, He-Ne Laser, Carbon dioxide (CO2) Laser, Applications of Lasers.

Fiber Optics: 

Introduction, Total internal reflection, Acceptance angle, Acceptance cone and Numerical aperture, Step and Graded index optical fibers, Losses associated with optical fibers, Applications of optical fibers.

Interaction of radiation with matter:

Absorption, Spontaneous emission and Stimulated emission. 

Characteristics of Laser

Resonating cavity, active medium, Pumping methods and mechanisms, population inversion.

Construction and working of Lasers: Nd:YAG Laser, 

He-Ne Laser

Carbon dioxide (CO2) Laser

Applications of Lasers.

Introduction, Total internal reflection, 

Acceptance angle, Acceptance cone and Numerical aperture

Step and Graded index optical fibers

Losses associated with optical fibers, 

Applications of optical fibers.