Virtual water trade (VWT) is the amount of water, either green (soil moisture) or blue (renewable and non-renewable), that is consumed in the production of agricultural goods that are then traded in the international market. This trading acts to alleviate stresses in several water stressed regions. Potential water savings associated with, and analyses of past virtual water trading have received increased attention in the research community as future water stresses may leave some regions unable to meet their agricultural demands through domestic production alone. These stresses can be driven by future socioeconomic conditions which are expected to cause a relative increase in global VWT. While much of the water traded globally is green water or renewable blue water, recent studies have found increasing extraction of non-renewable groundwater from deep aquifers to grow crops that are then traded internationally. Continued depletion and over-exploitation of non-renewable groundwater has significant negative effects both regionally and globally, including, but not limited to, land subsidence, eventual sea-level rise, and water quality degradation. However, the spatial and temporal characteristics of future all sources of VWT are generally unknown. Further, although many analyses of VWT have attempted to reconstruct the historical evolution of the virtual water trade network and have concluded that VWT doubled between 1986 and 2007, assessments of future virtual water trading remain absent from the current literature. This topic is a little bit different from other topics. But Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd thinks this will be a useful topic not only Nochchimoddai but the whole world. 

Here we have found and quantified increases in global VWT throughout the century, using the Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM), a market equilibrium model that links socioeconomics, climate, water, energy, and land systems (Methods), and a business-as-usual scenario combination of Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 2 (SSP2) and Representative Concentration Pathway 6.0 (RCP 6.0). Accounting for future human and climate influences, VWT is shown to increase throughout the century for all water types. Exports of virtual water are found to originate from select basins around the world while showing a dependence on socioeconomic changes throughout the century, particularly population dynamics in China. 

Results 

Future water exports are concentrated in particular regions 

In total, virtual green water exports and virtual blue water exports more than triple from 905 billion m3 and 56 billion m3 in 2010 to more than 3200 billion m3 and 170 billion m3, respectively, by the end of the century in response to increases in population and the resultant demand increases. Uncertainties in projected values of virtual water exports increase because of differences in climate impacts, as simulated by general circulation models (GCM) for the RCP6.0 scenario (Methods). Virtual non-renewable groundwater exports at least double by the end of the century. Comparisons to previous global estimates show differences in virtual water trading intensities as a result of different trade data products and resultant aggregation of crop products. This study includes direct agricultural products, prior to processing, whereas other studies may include aggregate crop textiles and by-products, thus increasing trading values. We Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd think this explanation is good for you. 

Range of virtual green and blue water exports and the amount of non-renewable groundwater depletion embedded in agricultural trade for all SSP2-RCP6.0 scenarios (n = 6 total scenarios), including effects of GCM uncertainty. Virtual green exports are shown on the primary y-axis (left) while virtual blue and non-renewable groundwater exports are represented on the secondary y-axis (right). Solid lines represent the average for each water flow in SSP2-RCP6.0, while ribbons depict the full range of GCMs for the RCP6.0 scenario. Previous estimates of virtual water trade are shown as points and expanded. Current study values are based on FAO country-level trade in 2010, all future estimates are between 32 GCAM regions. 

A large proportion of the virtual green water trade in 2010 is associated with oil crops (e.g., soybeans), a result consistent with previous studies. Increases in corn, wheat, and oil crops and lead to significant virtual green export increases by 2100. These three crop commodities represent the largest proportion of current VWT and the highest green to blue water ratio required for production. Africa, Europe, and India represent the largest importers of virtual green water. We at Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd think virtual water trade is something more important to our Nochchimoddai agriculture works and every agriculture projects in the world. 

The growing world population is causing negative impacts on the planet. The current model of production and consumption generates a lot of waste that, in many cases, does not get reused or recycled. For instance, in Europe, every citizen generates an average 1.69 kg of waste a day, i.e., 620 kg per year. Sixty percent of the volume of waste generated comes from packaging and product containers, often designed for just a single use. 

Until only a few years ago, waste management focused mainly on sending it to tips to pile up or to incinerators. This solution is unsustainable for several reasons: 

• It carries serious risks for the environment, living beings and human health 

• It does not reduce the consumption of resources (raw materials and energy) 

• It does not act on the cause (the consumption model), only on the consequence (waste management). 

Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd hopes this blog will you. We will explain how we work in Nochchimoddai. 

Linear v. circular production model 

Until recently, the production and consumption model were primarily linear, i.e., it consisted of a sequence of stages from resource extraction, production and consumption to the discarding of waste. This system is highly inefficient and unsustainable in time. We live on a finite planet in which consumables (fuels, materials) are limited for a demanding and growing population. Also, both productive processes and waste generated very often have a high impact on the environment and living beings. 

The way to combat these effects is to change our model of production and consumption, changing from a linear economic model to a circular economy, which emulates nature by converting waste into resources. This type of economy promotes, right from stage one, the reduction of consumption, taking into account a product’s useful life and, at the end of that, its reuse or recycling. 

But, to implement the circular economy model, it is necessary to change the mentality of companies and consumers. Companies, for their part, need to adopt product design according to circular economy principles, using waste as raw materials and reducing non-reusable products. 

The circular economy production model advocates using as many biodegradable materials as possible in manufacturing consumer goods – biological nutrients so that these can return to nature without causing environmental damage once their useful lives are over. In cases where it is not possible to use eco-friendly materials but technical nutrients: electronic and metallic components, batteries, etc.  the aim is to facilitate their simple demounting to give them a new life and reincorporate them in the production cycle to make a new item. When this is not possible, they are to be recycled in an environmentally respectful way. 

As an agriculture company Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd mainly focuses on environment. In Nochchimoddai Village we do many projects about farming and environmental things. 

Consumers and the 3 Rs rule 

In Nochchimoddai village we use this method. As for the role of consumers, they also have a key responsibility in terms of how they act. They need to use products responsibly, putting into practice the rule of the 3 Rs: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. 

Reduce implies preventing the formation of waste: modifying production models, our consumption habits and acquiring products responsibly.  Reusing signifies using a product again for the same function (repairing it) or an alternative use, lengthening its useful life. Finally, recycle permits us to make use of the different materials in waste and introduce them into the production cycle as raw materials. 

The 3 Rs rule is hierarchical, i.e., the actions are ordered according to the priority we need to give them: 

 First, Reduce consumption of natural resources, products, etc. 

• Then, Reuse products 

• Finally, only when the first two actions are not possible, Recycle. 

But how can we do it? Here are some ideas for putting the 3 Rs into practice as consumers. To Reduce our consumption, we can: 

 Limit buying use-and-throw products or those that come in voluminous packaging 

• Reduce the use of plastic bags in shopping 

• Use electro-domestic equipment more efficiently 

• Find the products we need through the collaborative economy 

• Make use of public services offered by city and town halls. 

As for the Reuse of products, it is mainly achieved by: 

• Trying to repair electronic goods instead of buying new ones 

• Becoming more creative in giving a new life to objects that have already been used. 

And, finally, to Recycle, we need to separate different waste correctly and throw it into the correct container or take it down to the local recycling point. Using the 3 Rs rule results in many benefits for society and the planet. Changing the production and consumption model, and helping to create sustainable development and a better future for everyone, is very much in our own hands. Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd us believe this blog is useful for you.

Cocos nucifera is the scientific name for the coconut tree. Coconut tree is also known as Kalpavriksha because every part of this tree is useful to mankind in some way or the other. From nutritious food crop to water, oil, shell, fiber, wood, leaf etc. obtained from coconut tree, everything is beneficial to meet the diverse needs of the people. Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd stared a coconut plantation at Nochchimoddai. 

Coconut Farming Guide 

Soil & Climate 

The coconut tree grows in different types of soil and in different climates. Coconut is a tropical crop. You can cultivate them up to an altitude of 1000 meters above sea level in the equatorial region. However, it is mostly cultivated between 20-degree south latitude and 20-degree north latitude. 

It requires climate with high humidity. Well distributed rainfall up to 200 to 300 centimetres per year is favourable for coconut growth. You can cultivate coconut successfully with proper irrigation. Coconut grows well in Makharli, coastal sandy alluvial, red soils and improved soil suitable for coconut. 

Land Selection & Preparation 

Coconut farming requires deep (not less than 1 m depth) and well-drained soil. Shallow soil with hard rock bottom, low land with water logging and heavy alluvial soil etc. are not suitable for coconut cultivation. 

The size of the pit for planting depends on the soil type and groundwater level. In loamy soil with low ground water level pits of 1× 1× 1 metre is recommended. In the soft soil containing solid stone below, large pits of 1.2× 1.2× 1.2 metres are required. 

After preparing the pit, it can be left open for a short period so that sufficient amount of sunlight can reach the soil which is helpful in killing the harmful micro-organisms. 

After this, fill the pit with a mixture of top soil, sand and neem cake (from 250 g to 500 g per pit) up to 60 cm height from the bottom. The roots of trees planted on the upper surface remain on the upper surface and are visible outside the soil, due to which the trees are prone to drought. 

In sandy soil and in areas prone to long periods of drought, it is beneficial to bury two layers of peel at the bottom of the pit with the inner side facing upwards before putting the soil-sand mixture in the pit. It absorbs moisture during the rainy season and releases water to the small plants during the dry season. 

In areas with gravelly soil, the soil becomes soft by adding 2 kilograms of salt at the bottom of the pit. 

Planting Distance 

The distance between the trees has special importance in coconut cultivation. Generally, 7.5 x 7.5 metres distance between trees is recommended. 175 plants can be planted in one hectare if plants are planted in square method leaving this distance between the trees. 

By adopting triangular method, aditional 20 to 25 plants can be planted. In single row system, Saplings can be planted by leaving a distance of 5 to 5.5 metres between two plants on a row & 9 to 10 metres between the queues. As you can see, we use the correct plant distance in our plantation at Nochchimoddai. Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd does our work well. 

Plantation Time & Method 

Planting time depends on the local climatic condition, so it varies from state to state. However, if there is no water logging and well-drained soil, then generally the proper time for planting is with the onset of monsoon and in this way the plants will take root quickly. However, if assured irrigation facilities are available, planting can be done one month before the onset of rains. 

In low lying areas with long standing water, planting can be done after monsoon. Before planting saplings in sandy areas, if coconut peel is buried in the soil, then the plant will grow well. 

After filling the pit to the desired height, the coconut sapling is planted in a small pit made in the middle of each pit. At the time of planting, care should be taken that the neck of the plant (the part where the plant joins the fruit) should not be covered with soil. 

After planting, tamp the soil around the plant well without causing any damage to the neck. In very windy areas, the plant should be given proper support so that the growth and development of the roots does not get hampered by the movement of the plant in the wind. 

Coconut Plant Care 

After planting, the coconut plant needs constant protection and care, especially while growing root, the soil between these trees should be plowed once in a year, which not only increases the flow of air in the soil, but also maintains moisture in it. It is necessary to provide shade to the plants and irrigate them in summer. 

Giving 45 liters of water once in four days is a suitable method for sandy soil. Water-draining facilities should be provided in water-logged areas. Weeds should be removed from the pits in time. Do not let the soil get frozen on the neck of the plants by flowing with rain water. 

Organic Fertilizers 

If you want to practice organic coconut farming, use cow manure, compost, green manure, earthworm manure etc. as organic fertilizers. As soon as the monsoon starts, sow 100 grams seeds of any pulse green manure in the basin of the coconut tree. 

After about four and a half months, when the plants start flowering, uproot them and put them in basin & cover them. In this way, by growing green manure crop in the basin, about 15 to 25 kilograms of green manure and through it 100 to 200 grams. until nitrogen is made available. 

Harvesting Of Coconut 

After opening of spathe, coconut becomes mature after 12 months. Nuts of 11 months age can be harvested to get good quality of the coire fibre. However, harvesting of coconuts mainly depends on climate, variety and yield of the trees. In well maintained coconut orchard, harvesting is done once a month. We will be back with our harvesting blog of coconut plantation of the Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd at Nochchimoddai. 

At Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd, we are proud to be taking a step towards creating a greener and more sustainable future. In our efforts to reduce our carbon footprint and promote eco-friendliness, we have started planting teak in our lands in Nochchimoddai, Vavuniya, Sri Lanka.

Teak is a valuable hardwood that is not only beautiful, but also incredibly durable and resistant to decay. By planting this tree, we hope to make a positive impact on the environment and contribute to reforestation efforts in our area.

Our team has been working hard to ensure that every teak tree we plant is given the care and attention it needs to thrive. From watering and fertilizing to pruning and protecting against pests, we are dedicated to helping each tree reach its full potential.

Not only does this endeavor benefit the environment, but it also has a positive impact on our community. The growth and harvesting of teak can provide employment opportunities for locals, as well as contribute to the local economy.

We are proud to be taking an active role in making the world a better place, one tree at a time. Follow us for updates on our progress and to see how we are making a difference in our community and beyond.

Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd recently had the pleasure of supporting the Dimuthu preschool in Bogaswewa, Vavuniya, where we provided both educational assistance and breakfast for the children. Recently, the preschool organized a kids market, and it turned out to be a tremendously fun and successful day.

The kids brought in vegetables and fruits from their home gardens, and they were thrilled to participate in this exciting event. The children learned about entrepreneurship and the value of hard work and teamwork as they set up their own stalls, sold their products, and interacted with their customers.

Parents and local residents also came to support the kids and the preschool, creating a fantastic atmosphere of community spirit. The children were delighted to see their hard work pay off as they sold out of their products, and the satisfaction on their faces was priceless.

Overall, the kids market was a fantastic opportunity for the children to learn, grow, and develop new skills. It was a valuable experience for everyone involved, and we are proud to have been a part of such a meaningful event. We hope that the children will continue to benefit from their experiences at the Dimuthu preschool and that they will carry the lessons they learned into their future endeavors.

Village Life in Sri Lanka - Nochchimoddai 

Discover the authentic rural charm of Sri Lankan village life. Simple and peaceful, life in a Sri Lankan rural community is a world away from the city rush, embracing the art of earthen living. As they have for countless generations, the villagers meld their lives into the harmonious rhythm of nature. A community involved in chena farming, the village of Nochchimoddai is verdant with cultivation nurtured by the fertile soil and forms the centrepiece of this meaningful experience. 

Experience this simplicity as you journey across the village in a bullock cart. Next, take a boat ride through the lotus filled Nochchimoddai Wewa and enjoy a splash of jollity and striking views against the backdrop of Sigiriya’s mighty rock fortress. Soak up the abundant birdlife and bountiful natural beauty as you glide along the waters. Also, have a refreshing beli mal drink- an island style thirst quencher. Finally, relish a traditional Sri Lankan meal, filled with flavour and natural goodness. Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd.'s office is in Nochchimoddai This is how we can explain the life of Nochchimoddai village.   

Agriculture In Sri Lanka 

Sri Lanka has a rich agricultural history dating back more than 2500 years. For centuries, paddy cultivation in the island nation was not just an economic activity but a way of life that shaped the society, culture, religion and economy. The sustainable and organic agricultural practices of both the near past and the ancient people of Sri Lanka, exemplify the interconnectedness of nature and human life. Furthermore, it demonstrates our ability to survive and thrive harmoniously alongside nature. Through the establishment of a resource center, model paddy field, as well as a model irrigation tank, Dilmah Conservation's One Earth Arboretum demonstrates traditional agriculture in Sri Lanka and the deep connection it shares with nature. It illustrates how we can utilize the knowledge and practice of our ancestors to make our future and our present more sustainable. This page gives detailed information on the agricultural practices of traditional farmers, as well as the ancient, complex agricultural systems that are still in use today. 

Traditional farming in Sri Lanka has a history that dates back to thousands of years. It was a farming as well as a farming culture integrated into the ancient society.  

In recent times, the so-called 'Eco-Farming', 'Sustainable Farming' farming practices remember the features of that traditional farming. Many scholars today identify the above-mentioned farming methods as a combination of the principles of traditional farming and the natural ecosystem. 

Sri Lanka had the first impact on the traditional agriculture inherited by the people with the planting of the first tea plantation at Lulkandura Estate, Nawalapitiya in 1868. The self-sufficient economic culture that existed until then was replaced by monocropping and export agriculture. The loss of traditional methods of cultivation could be seen in the areas area where export crops were grown, But the introduction of the “Green Revolution” technology in the late 1960s and with that technology, and the open economy in 1977, were the main reasons Sri Lanka's traditional farming system to be eradicated. They were able to introduce traditional farming as a primitive, unproductive thing, and a farming system that threw those practices away. 

Thus, farming was mechanized and chemicalized, which depended on foreign inputs, replaced traditional farming. Although the process varies from region to region, traditional farming can be described as the practice of farming based on the experience of one's past generations. In their own experience, they can take various actions on that farming. 

The specialty of traditional farming is that it should be done on time, on time, on art, on the pattern. The farmer has a strong traditional knowledge of these practices. The season, rain, wind, drought, could be known by the experience and natural phenomenon. Therefore, traditional farming is based on nature and the environment. As an agriculture company Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd knows about agriculture details in Sri Lanka. 

Characteristics of traditional farming 

No external inputs 

No external inputs were applied to this farm type of farming. They used locally obtained, biodegradable resources for farming. Perhaps if not on his farm, he at least got those resources from his neighbour. They were exchanging the seeds and planting materials for free. They also had free manure of cattle and goats. 

Mixed Cropping  

Crops were always grown mixed.  Abaha and kurakkan sowed together. In humus, maize, pumpkin, and, further down, eggplant, chili, okra, green gram, and undu were grown on the same land. Accordingly, a large variety of crops was found in those lands. Unlike today, not a single crop, not a single crop, was planted covering the entire cropland. This reduces the risk of failure of a single crop. Also, this increased the biodiversity within the farm itself. 

Culture and discipline  

Traditional peasants had brought all aspects of farming under a certain control. They had the use of all resources, water, land, and the protection of the lake. Seeds, crop production, exchange were their own. It was up to them to decide when to plant and when to irrigate. 

Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd believes this would be an interesting blog to you. 

WHAT IS NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT?

Natural Resource Management (NRM) refers to the coordinated strategies adopted for the sustainable utilisation of our major natural resources, such as land, water, soil, forests, fisheries, plants and animals. Effective Natural Resource Management practices build capacity to manage land through drought, flood, and climate variability, promote resilient business practices, and safeguard our landscapes and natural assets for future generations.

Forests, soils, grazing lands, and water provide the necessary foundation for agricultural activity and sustain the rural economies of most developing countries. At a conceptual level, the connections between rural populations and their natural resource base include an interlinked set of biophysical, economic, and social systems. These systems co-evolve in response to human desires and needs on the one hand and to environmental health and resilience on the other. At a more practical level, the ways in which land managers adapt to their physical environment are influenced by a policy environment defined by explicit or implicit incentives and constraints. These are determined by local, regional, and national policy makers. Policy makers establish the rules for legitimate behaviour, observe outcomes, and subsequently adjust policies in light of competing interests and whatever mandate they may possess. For their part, farmers adjust their behaviour in response to changing needs and in reaction to shifts in prices and policies. Of course, sometimes the extent to which farmers can respond may be quite limited. Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd always post blogs about agriculture friendly topics. We hope this will be also useful. 

Equally important is that natural systems respond to human activity, sometimes abruptly, sometimes slowly, and sometimes in unanticipated ways. The aggregate patterns we observe are jointly created and evolve through this interplay, suggesting that an essential element of any strategy aimed at promoting sustainable agriculture and natural resource management must be flexible and adaptive at its core. It is quite important to recognize that pure subsistence is rare, and few, if any, smallholders operate completely detached from the market. As a result, the choices and trade-offs made by national governments and international actors establish the incentives and constraints that farmers face and, ultimately, the crops and cropping systems they choose. Patterns of innovation, adoption, and adaptation reflect the social and economic fabric of rural communities and therefore differ markedly across time and space. Nature is a gift for human to survive. In Nochchimoddai village there are many natural resources. Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd us trying to protect those resources and mange it well.

NRM STRATEGIES FOR HEALTHY LANDSCAPES

Whilst the priorities vary amongst regions and land management systems, the most effective natural resource management strategies for tackling the top threats to landscapes include:

⦁ maintenance of minimum levels of groundcover and vegetation cover, and construction of vegetative or other structures to reduce runoff and improve soil condition

⦁ strategic restoration, revegetation and better management of intact native vegetation to improve its resilience and safeguard habitat for plant and animal species (using genetically diverse, local and climate-adjusted species)

⦁ restoration and better management of the riparian zone of rivers, wetlands and estuaries for improved water quality and flood resilience

⦁ rehabilitation of gully and streambank erosion

⦁ control of invasive species and diseases

⦁ protecting sites that will act as climate change refuges

⦁ managing native vegetation for conservation purposes

⦁ the introduction of land management practices such as grazing pressure management, mixed-species pastures, effluent and fertiliser management.

Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management Programme

The objective of the programme is to improve household food security and family nutrition in an area where half of the people are poor and 30 per cent of them are extremely poor. About 70 per cent of the households in the area cannot produce enough food to satisfy their needs throughout the year, and about 60 per cent cannot produce enough to meet more than six months of their yearly requirement.

The programme targets landless people and small-scale and subsistence farmers. Almost 30 per cent of the households participating in the programme are headed by women. Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd care about the nature a lot. Not only Nochchimoddai village. But we can work on a range. So, it is our responsibility to manage natural resources.

To increase agricultural production and productivity, the programme supports investments in:

⦁ agricultural diversification and intensification of crops and livestock with attention to sustainable natural resource use and management

⦁ effective delivery of core support services that are responsive to the needs and priorities of rural households

⦁ empowerment of local communities through the participatory community action planning process

⦁ strengthening of the institutional capacity of the decentralized district governments as the focal points for programming, implementation, monitoring and evaluation

Test your seeds

As an agriculture company Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd we going to do a blog about seeds. When figuring out how to select good seeds for planting, there are ways to test to find out if seeds will sprout. This is especially helpful if you have leftover seeds from last season, or if you found a random packet of seeds while cleaning out the junk drawer and have no idea how old they are. (Guilty as charged.) A simple germination test can tell you if they are still viable.

One germination test involves dampening a paper towel and folding it, placing about ten seeds in the fold, and putting the paper towel and seeds into a zip-top bag. Check on the bag every day, making sure the towel stays moist (but not flooded). Depending on the seed, germination may take a few days to a couple of weeks. If the seeds sprout, that means they are good seeds for planting.

You can do this same test using sand in a shallow container instead of a paper towel and a bag. The sand method is great if you want to transplant your sprouts into soil. Test larger seeds by placing them in a glass of warm water. After about 15 minutes if the seeds are floating, they will probably not sprout. Tiny seeds tend to float regardless, so use the paper towel or sand test for those. In Nochchimoddai, we have a plant nursery under Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd. Also, we are planting seeds, as you saw on our Web site.

Know your seed label terminology

How to select good seeds for planting boils down to doing your homework on where your seeds are coming from. Look for companies that clearly label their varieties. Seed labels will tell you the attributes of a particular varietal. Some label terminology to keep an eye out for:

⦁ Non-GMO: seeds have not been engineered genetically.

⦁ Heirloom: seeds that have been saved and passed down from one generation of small and local farmers to the next without any modification. In true technical terminology, heirloom varieties must have been passed down for at least 50 years.

⦁ Organic: seeds have been harvested from plants grown without synthetic fertilizers, genetic engineering, pesticides, or irradiation.

⦁ Open-pollinated: seeds from plants that have been pollinated by insect, wind, bird, humans, or other natural methods.

⦁ Hybrid: seeds from plants that have been cross-pollinated with different-but-related plants over several generations.

In addition to reading seed labels carefully, it’s a good idea to read about the company/brand of seed you’re buying. Many seed companies have signed the Safe Seed Pledge, promising not to sell genetically modified seeds. Choosing to buy from one of these companies may make sense for you if you’re looking to grow a non-GMO vegetable garden. Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd understands how these things work as an agriculture company. 

How they were stored?

Moisture, heat, and fluctuating temperatures are a seed’s worst enemy. Conditions essential to good seed storage are just the opposite of those that are required for good germination. Good germination occurs when water and oxygen are present at a favourable temperature, so eliminate these elements to ensure a long shelf life for your prized seeds.  Don’t simply abandon your leftover packets to the elements by leaving them in a garden shed.   Seeds that are stored in moisture- and vapor-proof containers in a cool, dark area will last at least a year, and if the container is stored below 40ºF., as in a refrigerator or freezer, the shelf life may be extended. On the other hand, if the seed packets were merely stuck in a box and set on a shelf in the garage or the mud room where they were exposed to last summer’s tropical heat and humidity, even long-lived seeds might not germinate well. Nochchimoddai village has a kind of sunny climate. So, we do our works to match to Nochchimoddai climate.

So, what to do? Gamble on the old seeds or buy new ones? There is simple way to conduct a home germination test on the leftover seeds.  To find whether a package of seeds will germinate and grow, perform this simple home germination test:

⦁ Place 10 seeds an even distance apart on a damp paper towel.

⦁ Roll up the towel and place in a plastic bag. Why ten seeds? Because the number is easily calculated for germination expectancy in terms of percentages. So, if only 6 seeds sprout, you’ll know that the germination rate is 60%.

⦁ Leave the damp, rolled towel in a warm spot for three to five days.

⦁ Check the towel moisture each day and add water when necessary. You can start checking the seeds as early as 3 days after setup. If you find moldy seeds, count them as dead and remove them or the mold may spread to other seedlings. You can count and remove the healthy seedlings as they develop. Keep track of how many days it takes the seed to germinate for future reference. The test is over when all the seeds have germinated or the normal number of days to germination is up.

⦁ The percentage of seed germinating in the towel will give you a fairly good idea how the same seeds will do in the garden.

As we all know, education is the key to success and the foundation of a strong, healthy society. Unfortunately, in many countries, including Sri Lanka, economic struggles often leave many students unable to access quality education. This is where companies like Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd come in, offering free education to students in Sri Lanka to help bridge the gap.

Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd has been providing free education to students in Sri Lanka for some time now, and it's making a significant impact in many students' lives. In a country where access to quality education is limited, Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd's initiative is especially valuable. It provides students with an opportunity to learn and grow, which could lead to better opportunities in the future.

In addition to providing free education, Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd has also extended a helping hand to Dimuthu preschools in Bogaswewa, Vavuniya. Bogaswewa is a rural village that has been struggling with poverty and lack of resources, making it difficult for the children to attend school regularly. Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd has stepped in to help by providing breakfast to the children every day, ensuring that they have the energy they need to learn and grow.

Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd's efforts are commendable because they recognize that education is not just about academics; it's also about providing a nurturing environment that supports learning. By providing breakfast to the children, Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd is not only helping them with their physical needs, but it is also showing them that they are valued and cared for.

Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd's efforts in Bogaswewa are just the beginning. They are committed to helping students and communities throughout Sri Lanka, providing resources and support wherever they are needed. They understand that education is a powerful tool that can help individuals and communities overcome poverty, and they are doing their part to make that a reality.

In conclusion, Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd's initiative to provide free education to students in Sri Lanka and their efforts to help the children of Bogaswewa are making a significant impact. Their efforts are a testament to the power of education and the importance of community support. It's heartening to see a company taking a proactive approach to improving the lives of those in need, and we hope that more organizations will follow Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd's lead.

The term "agribusiness" is a combination of the words "agriculture" and "business." It refers to any business involved in agricultural production or related activities. In a nutshell, agribusiness encompasses all of the steps required to get an agricultural product to market or consumers: production, processing, and distribution. Agribusiness companies cover all aspects of food production, and there are numerous advantages to investing in this industry. 

Agribusiness is a critical component of the economy in most countries, as population growth drives up demand for agricultural products. As a result, investing in agribusiness means supporting an industry that adds significant value to the community. Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd is involved in a number of agricultural projects in Nochchimoddai. As a result, we can say agriculture is among the best industries to invest in. 

Agricultural investments, as tangible or "real" assets, are part of the alternative asset class and are becoming increasingly popular among investors. Alternative investments are generally thought to be unrelated to more commonly held assets such as stocks, cash, real estate, and fixed income. This means that there is no direct relationship between the performance of these markets and that of alternatives.

As a result, alternatives can be a powerful diversification tool, similar to an insurance policy, helping to smooth out a portfolio's total return over time.

Agriculture and food production are critical to society's functioning. Population growth, increasing demand for protein food sources, technological change, and sustainability are the major global trends driving growth, innovation, and opportunity in this sector.

The global population is expected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, a 33% increase from 2015. By 2030, this growing population is expected to require 35% more food.

Farmland, as a finite asset, has consistently appreciated in value over time. Agriculture is increasingly relying on technology, such as robotics, artificial intelligence, and remote sensing, as well as sustainable land management practices, to cut costs and boost productivity.

Agriculture investment can yield both income and capital growth, and it has been shown to protect investment portfolios from inflation. With current inflationary pressures brought on by fiscal and monetary stimulus, supply chain disruption, and geopolitical events, it is a good time to consider assets that may offer inflation protection.

Agriculture investments have traditionally been restricted to large-scale investors and institutions. Access is improving, however, with diversified managed funds providing exposure to horticulture, viticulture, irrigated or dryland crops, livestock, and fiber assets such as cotton, wool, and timber.

Supporting farms means that the threat of bank foreclosure is no longer hanging over their heads. Your investment provides farmers with capital to increase yields and productivity. You contribute to farmers' access to inputs or the equipment they require to maximize their yields.

Agriculture is more sustainable than the stock market.

When you invest in agriculture, you are investing in a physical plot of land. This land’s value only appreciates, unlike stocks in businesses.

Agriculture is typically a long-term investment. Returns are affected not only by commodity prices, but also by how much and how quickly the land appreciates. Returns on investment for commodity-based land range from 3-5% to 10-15%, depending on location, current commodity prices, and other factors. Agriculture investments can be set up to be kept in the investor's family and passed down to future generations because they are long term. Agricultural investments can continue to grow indefinitely. 

Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd investing in agriculture is, in our opinion, a good idea. We are aware of the situation. Nochchimoddai is a village in Vavuniya district. We are doing a lot of agricultural projects in Nochchimoddai. 

Keeping Farmers in the Business of Farming

Investing in agriculture and farmers keeps people fed and clothed. We all need to eat. Trends show that the amount of food, especially protein, people take in per day is steadily increasing. At the same time, some experts fear that at the rate of the population’s consumption, soil could become a scarce commodity, making the demand for fertile agricultural land even larger.

Another thing to think about is the eat clean and eat local movement. People are becoming pickier about what they put into their bodies. Farm to table restaurants and markets are extremely popular right now, especially if they are local. Knowing that your burger came from a farm five miles away, right in your neighbourhood, is extremely appealing to the consumer.

Investing in agriculture can be a lucrative and profitable venture in many ways. Farmland is a useful, tangible thing in and of itself, and agriculture produces physical results that can be directly correlated to farm success. Investing in a farm means investing in the success of a community and securing a piece of land that will grow in value year after year. Invest in agriculture is not only about money. It’s a service as well. Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd know how important this invests for the future and your or your company.

For parents struggling to find ways to encourage their kids to eat a healthy and balanced diet, gardening can be an important tool. Don’t let the idea overwhelm you. Gardening doesn’t require a perfectly level, large, or sunny backyard. Try planting in a small raised bed or growing a few edibles in existing landscaping. Lean a trellis against an outside wall to grow beans or other edible vines. If you don’t have a lot of outdoor space, a few containers and soil in a sunny spot can be an easy way to grow herbs or some sweet cherry tomatoes that kids won’t be able to resist. Plants like zucchini, radishes, and herbs are fairly easy to grow without a lot of fuss, making them a great return on your investment. The much bigger return is how planting a garden can affect not only your child’s body but also their brain and soul.

You've probably never heard anyone argue that children should avoid outdoor activities. In the last decade, there has been an impressive amount of research to suggest the exact opposite. But believing that nature is good for your children is one thing; establishing habits that put that belief into action is quite another. This is where gardening for children comes into play.

Gardening is hard to beat when it comes to promoting well-rounded development in children. Whether the garden is in pots on an apartment balcony, a community patch, or right out the back door, children who participate in it reap far more than food and flowers.

Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd manages the Institute of Technical Education Nochchimoddai in the Vavuniya district. We do gardening activities at that institute. Because children in this generation face a high rate of illness and a lack of physical activities. Let’s see how important gardening for children.

How gardening can affect the brain:

Here are a variety of scientific concepts to discuss with your children while planting and tending to a garden. One study showed that children who participated in gardening projects scored higher in science achievement than those who did not. The wonder of seeing a garden grow may spark your kids to ask questions like: Why do the plants need sun? How does the plant "drink" water? Why are worms good for plants? Soon you will be talking about soil composition, photosynthesis, and more! Add a little math while gardening by measuring how much each plant grows from week to week or counting the flowers on each plant. Supplement your experience of gardening with books about plants, trips to a botanical garden, or a photo journal of the plants that you are growing.

Consider all of the brain-building vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients your children will consume and how this will continue to promote brain development. Foods like spinach, garlic, and beets (all of which are easy to grow) have been shown to improve cognitive function and can help your children grow and develop faster. Even if children do not initially enjoy the foods they grow, teach them to keep tasting and experimenting in order to train their taste buds to enjoy the bounty of their garden.

How gardening can affect the body:

When children participate in gardening, the fruits and vegetables they are inspired to eat will undoubtedly benefit their bodies. However, the act of gardening itself can promote good health. Kids enjoy getting their hands and feet dirty, which can go against the modern parenting style of obsessively cleaning and sanitizing hands and surfaces. Consider the "hygiene hypothesis," which contends that a lack of germ exposure in childhood increases a child's susceptibility to diseases such as asthma, allergies, and autoimmune conditions by suppressing immune system development. So, getting dirty while gardening can help a child's immune system and overall health.

Nowadays, all children could benefit from a little more physical activity and the sunshine that gardening provides. Moving soil, carrying a heavy watering can, digging in the dirt, and pushing a wheelbarrow can all help to improve gross motor skills and overall strength for a fitter body. Furthermore, these "heavy work" activities have been shown to help children stay calm and focused.

Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd works on many agricultural projects and we sometimes do gardening activities in Institute of Technical Education Nochchimoddai because it gives good energy to body of students.

It positively impacts mood & psychological wellbeing

Increased memory and focus are fabulous. But that is only part of the positive influence gardening has on the human brain. Garden Organic states that elements of gardening have the ability to trigger emotions in people. For example, flowers produce powerful positive emotions and have both immediate and long-term effects on emotional reactions, mood and social behaviour.

Well beyond mood, gardening can also serve as a powerful therapeutic tool against depression and anxiety. Gardens and the act of gardening have been found to have a positive impact on peoples’ health and wellbeing.

Gardens, as well as the activity of gardening, have been shown to have a positive impact on peoples’ health and wellbeing, according to the Garden Organic report. It also states that those who are involved in gardening find life more satisfying and feel they have positive things happening in their lives.

It improves focus & memory

Garden Organic claims that regular gardening participation can improve alertness, cognitive abilities, and social skills. Gardening has been shown to be particularly effective in rehabilitating motor, speech, and cognitive abilities following illness as a therapeutic treatment (dubbed "horticulture therapy").

According to a study published in the American Journal of Public Health, children perform better mentally when they have access to green space. Outdoor green space also alleviates the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), allowing children to focus both while they are in the space and later in the day.

Memory and attention improvements were even greater when children engaged in an outdoor activity, such as you guessed it gardening! We Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd knows how important gardening activities not only students but also everyone. Nochchimoddai is a village therefore lot of people do gardening. We teach our children how to maintain their works in gardening.

Purpose

Although humans are a part of nature, the human-nature relationship is not well understood, neither in sustainable marketing nor in relationship marketing. Humans harm nature, and many natural resources derived from nature are taken for granted. Nature's services are also frequently taken for granted. Humans cannot live without these services, but nature, particularly man-made (artificial) services, can probably survive without humans. The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework for aligning marketers' and academics' understanding of service with that of sustainability for sustainable marketing. Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd is a mainly agricultural company. Nochchimoddai is a village in Vavuniya district. We have to save the village as well.  

Design/methodology/approach

A review of various literature streams, including biological, ecological, and service literature, reveals that service is a much broader phenomenon than is discussed in the service literature. The paper will demonstrate that service, as defined here, is a fundamental relationship between humans or humans and nature. Service is understood as an ongoing process of exchange and change in this context. The proposed service is a form of coexistence. Because we rely on the environment, it is our responsibility to protect it. Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd works to protect the environment in Nochchimoddai. That is something we must do.

Findings

Service will be defined as a continuous process of resource exchange and change (transfer and transformation). This understanding integrates human and natural service without limiting it to human intentions, desires, or needs as the sole cause of service. The service process as conceptualized here is consistent with the current understanding of sustainability. Aligning marketers' perceptions of service and sustainability creates a new framework for sustainable marketing.

Research limitations/implications 

By framing sustainable processes from a service perspective, the work can be understood as a step toward sustainable marketing. The holistic understanding of sustainable marketing opens up new avenues for research as well as a better (more sustainable) understanding of day-to-day practices.

Implications for Practice

If humans understand their fundamental relationship with nature, they will be able to act in harmony with nature rather than against it, which will help to improve sustainable development.

Social implications 

Mainstream sustainable marketing is sometimes heavily anthropocentric. This paper examines the role of humans in relation to nature.

Agriculture plays a crucial role in the economic and social development of Sri Lanka. The country has a rich history of agriculture, which has been a significant contributor to its economy for centuries. Despite the recent boom in the tourism and manufacturing industries, agriculture continues to be a significant source of employment, income, and food security in Sri Lanka. The agriculture sector accounts for approximately 10% of the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and provides livelihoods to around one-third of the population.

The agriculture sector in Sri Lanka is diverse, with a wide range of crops being grown. Rice is the most important staple crop and is widely cultivated throughout the country. The country is also known for its production of spices such as cinnamon, cardamom, and cloves, which are major exports. In addition, Sri Lanka is also known for its production of tea, rubber, coconut, and other cash crops such as cashew, mango, and pineapple. The country has a favourable climate for agriculture and is blessed with abundant natural resources such as fertile soil, adequate rainfall, and a variety of agro-ecological zones.

Over the years, the government of Sri Lanka has implemented various policies and programs aimed at improving the agriculture sector. The government has provided support to farmers through subsidies, extension services, and other forms of assistance. Additionally, the government has implemented various initiatives aimed at improving the productivity and competitiveness of the agriculture sector. For example, the government has encouraged the use of modern technology in agriculture, such as the use of high-yielding varieties of seeds and the adoption of modern farming practices.

Despite these efforts, the agriculture sector in Sri Lanka faces various challenges. One of the major challenges is the low level of productivity, which is largely due to the lack of access to modern technology and the absence of a strong agricultural research and development sector. Additionally, the sector is also facing challenges such as declining soil fertility, water scarcity, and the impact of climate change.

To address these challenges, the government of Sri Lanka must take a more proactive approach to the development of the agriculture sector. The government should invest in agricultural research and development and provide farmers with access to modern technology and information on best practices. Additionally, the government should also focus on developing sustainable agriculture practices that are both economically viable and environmentally friendly.

In conclusion, agriculture plays a vital role in the economic and social development of Sri Lanka. Despite the challenges faced by the sector, the government must continue to invest in the development of the agriculture sector and provide farmers with the necessary support to improve their livelihoods. By doing so, the country can ensure food security, create employment opportunities, and contribute to the overall economic growth of the country.

Sustainable agriculture

Practitioners of sustainable agriculture seek to integrate three main objectives into their work: a healthy environment, economic profitability, and social and economic equity. Every person involved in the food system growers, food processors, distributors, retailers, consumers, and waste managers can play a role in ensuring a sustainable agricultural system.

There are many practices commonly used by people working in sustainable agriculture and sustainable food systems. Growers may use methods to promote soil health, minimize water use, and lower pollution levels on the farm. Consumers and retailers concerned with sustainability can look for "values-based" foods that are grown using methods that promote farmworker wellbeing, are environmentally friendly, or strengthen the local economy. And researchers in sustainable agriculture often cross disciplinary lines with their work, combining biology, economics, engineering, chemistry, community development, and many others. However, sustainable agriculture is more than a collection of practices. It is also a process of negotiation: a push and pull between the sometimes-competing interests of an individual farmer or of people in a community as they work to solve complex problems about how we grow our food and fiber.

These objectives have been aided by a variety of philosophies, policies, and practices. People in a variety of capacities, from farmers to consumers, have shared and contributed to this vision.

Despite the diversity of people and perspectives, the following themes recur in definitions of sustainable agriculture:

Sustainability is based on the principle that we must meet the needs of the present without jeopardizing future generations' ability to meet their own needs.

Therefore, stewardship of both natural and human resources is of prime importance. Stewardship of human resources includes consideration of social responsibilities such as the working and living conditions of laborers, the needs of rural communities, and consumer health and safety both in the present and the future. Stewardship of land and natural resources involves maintaining or enhancing this vital resource base for the long term. Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd wishes to preserve and protect natural resources.

A systems perspective is essential to understanding sustainability.

The system is envisioned in its broadest sense, from the individual farm to the local ecosystem and the communities affected both locally and globally by this farming system. An emphasis on the system allows a larger and more thorough view of the consequences of farming practices on both human communities and the environment. A systems approach gives us the tools to explore the interconnections between farming and other aspects of our environment. In our opinion, Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd requires a good plan to manage the system.

Everyone plays a role in creating a sustainable food system.

A Systems approach also implies interdisciplinary efforts in research and education.

This requires not only the input of researchers from various disciplines, but also farmers, farmworkers, consumers, policymakers and others.

Transitioning to sustainable agriculture is a process.

Transitioning to sustainable agriculture typically necessitates a series of small, manageable steps for farmers. Family economics and personal goals influence how quickly or far participants can progress through the transition. It is critical to recognize that each small decision can make a difference and help to move the entire system along the "sustainable agriculture continuum." The willingness to take the next step is essential for progress.

Finally, it is important to point out that reaching toward the goal of sustainable agriculture is the responsibility of all participants in the system, including farmers, laborers, policymakers, researchers, retailers, and consumers. Each group has its own part to play, its own unique contribution to make to strengthen the sustainable agriculture community. Everyone must contribute to sustainable agriculture. Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd. strives for sustainable agriculture and collaborates with Nochchimoddai.

The remainder of this page considers specific strategies for realizing these broad themes or goals. The strategies are grouped according to three separate though related areas of concern: Farming and Natural Resources, Plant and Animal Production Practices, and the Economic, Social and Political Context. They represent a range of potential ideas for individuals committed to interpreting the vision of sustainable agriculture within their own circumstances.

Well-prepared land is important in agriculture because it controls weed growth and provides a fertile soil mass for transplanting. It is done to improve the success of the establishment of young offshoots or tissue cultured plants obtained from nurseries. This process also aids in the recycling of plant nutrients and provides an ideal soil texture for direct seeding. Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd is a farming company that does the basics before farming as usual. Our Farming projects are still around Nochchimoddai village.

Tilling and harrowing are the fundamental processes involved in land preparation. Tilling is a method of preparing soil that requires mechanical agitation or movement of some kind, which may include manual tools, machinery, or automated tools. Farmers are expected to work on their land for several weeks before they can cultivate it.

The first layer of soil that is plowed and made ready is often referred to as the "primary tillage." This allows for aeration of the soil and promotes the growth of microorganisms that improve soil fertility. The second step is harrowing, also known as secondary plowing. This involves breaking down the soil into smaller, minute particles. It is often accompanied by rototilling, which further smooths the density of the soil, which is suitable for making a good seedbed for the crops. Further, it improves the topography of fields in order to facilitate proper irrigation and drainage. It aids in the recovery of fertilizer nutrients and the elimination and control of weeds. 

There are different stages of land preparation, each more significant and strenuous than the other. The marriage of these smaller steps together becomes the base for a healthy harvest. The steps required in the preparation of land involve:

• Clearing and weeding the field

• Pre-irrigation

• plowing or tilling first

• Harrowing

• Flooding

• Levelling

There is two types of land preparation

Wet Preparation

Wet preparation is the most common way of preparing lowland fields. In this method, the soil is tilled in a saturated or flooded condition. 

It helps improve weed control and facilitates the incorporation of nutrients in the soil. With its nature, wet preparation has a high water requirement.

•  Repair or construct bunds

• Irrigate the field

• Perform primary tillage operations

• Flood the field

• Perform secondary tillage operations

• Level the field

In Nochchimoddai, we at Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd. do those preparations as well.

Dry Preparation

Dry preparation is most commonly used for upland rice, but it can also be used in lowland fields.

The soils are not puddled in this method, and there is no standing water in the field. It uses less water and is effective for soil aeration as well as the control of golden apple snails.

It also aids in the formation of a smooth and firm seedbed, the control of weeds, and the incorporation of organic materials and fertilizer into the soil.

When labor and water are scarce, or you need a quick turnaround time between crops, dry preparation is a good option.

•  Repair or construct bunds

•  Perform primary tillage operations

•  Perform secondary tillage operations

•  Level the field

•  Allow weeds to emerge before planting

We mainly do dry preparation at Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd. We can do both in Nochchimoddai Village. 

As you are aware, Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd is an agricultural and farming company. We prioritize farming projects over other tasks. Nochchimoddai village has good farming soil. This advantage is put to good use in farming. We began a new project to grow black beans. We have good plant growth. For farming, we use environmentally friendly products. For nursery plants, fertilizers are more important. Also, we are using fertilizers that will not harm humans.

Our keepers, who work for Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd, take good care of the black bean plantation. This plantation is flourishing, and flowers are beginning to bloom. This black bean plantation is well maintained by our workers. How much water is desired for this plantation, when is fertilizer to be applied, and other tasks that our employees complete on time. Plants are similar to children in that they require fertilizer on a regular basis, just as children do. Our employees at Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd are doing an excellent job and taking good care of the bean plantation.

Our plantation has reached middle age. Because, as noted previously, we can now see flowers and flower buds. It gives us the energy to work harder. We will complete the project we are working on. The farmers deserve the most credit, as do the keepers. We also encountered numerous difficulties and challenges. Finally, we accomplished our goal in this manner. After the harvest, we hope to write another blog about it.

It is common knowledge that people do not value something until they lose it. Things here refer to trees, plants, and nature. All living things are completely dependent on nature. Plants and trees provide the majority of our food. Trees produce corn, fruits, vegetables, spices, nuts, and a variety of other edibles. They are extremely important in our lives. We rely entirely on nature to survive. Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd has always advocated for environmental protection. Nochchimoddai is the location of our office. Nochchimoddai is a village in the district of Vavuniya. So, we understand how vital nature is to life. That is why we are undertaking these projects.

Without plants there will be no lift on globe

There are two dominant colours on the Earth's surface: blue and green. Water causes blue, and plants cause green. Plants and trees contribute significantly to the natural beauty of our planet. There will be no green left if we continue to cut down trees and pollute the environment at this rate. Imagine that! What would the world look like if there were no plants and trees? It would be boring and blank. And it's not about how it appears. We rely entirely on plants for our basic needs; without plants, we would perish on Earth. As a result, it is preferable to begin conserving nature today for future generations. The most valuable things we receive from nature for human life are trees and water. Nochchimoddai village is rich in water resources such as Parangi Aru, lakes, and so on. Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd is working to preserve our natural resources for the future. Because some people cut down trees and pollute the water.

Trees control the global warming

Global warming has recently become a hot topic. We can easily see its environmental impact. Glaciers are thinning. The Earth's temperature is rising by the day, causing a slew of problems in health, nature conservation, the ecosystem, and other areas. Deforestation is a major contributor to this problem. Trees absorb harmful ultraviolet and greenhouse gas emissions. They make significant contributions to lowering environmental temperatures by acting as natural air conditioners and a source of rain. As a result, they are one of the primary regulators of global warming. "Save trees now to save the future," as the saying goes.

It is time to reconsider this global issue. Only by preserving nature and trees will we be able to pass on all of our benefits to future generations. So, never cut down trees and discourage others from doing so. There is no other option. On the other hand, trees and plants are proliferating.

Conserve nature by applying these simple steps

⦁ Reduce, reuse, and recycle. Cut down on what you throw away. Follow the three “R’s” to conserve natural resources and landfill space.

⦁ Volunteer. Volunteer for clean-ups in your community. You can get involved in protecting your watershed, too.

⦁ Educate. When you further your own education, you can help others understand the importance and value of our natural resources.

⦁ Conserve water. The less water you use, the less runoff and wastewater that eventually end up in the ocean.

⦁ Choose sustainable. Learn how to make smart seafood choices.

⦁ Shop wisely. Buy less plastic and bring a reusable shopping bag.

⦁ Use long-lasting light bulbs. Energy efficient light bulbs reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Also flip the light switch off when you leave the room!

⦁ Plant a tree. Trees provide food and oxygen. They help save energy, clean the air, and help combat climate change.

⦁ Don’t send chemicals into our waterways. Choose non-toxic chemicals in the home and office.

⦁ Bike more. Drive less.

We, at Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd, want people to take these steps to protect the environment for the future. Recognize and protect the importance of nature to us. Nochchimoddai is a village, so pollution levels are lower than in a city. People ride their bicycles and plant trees. Those things may appear to be insignificant, but remember that even minor differences can have a significant impact on the world.

What is a plant nursery?

The nursery is a place where planting material, such as seedlings, saplings, cuttings, etc., are raised, under favourable conditions, spread and multiplied

for transplanting in prepared beds. The availability of quality and true-to-type planting material is the prerequisite for successful and remunerative ornamental crop production. Setting up a nursery is a long-term venture, and requires planning and expertise.

In a nursery, plants are nurtured by providing them with optimum growing conditions to ensure germination. Nursery school saves considerable time for the raising of the next crop.

Among flower crops, the majority of the annuals are propagated by seeds and require a nursery for raising the seedlings. Herbaceous perennials need nurseries for the sowing of seeds and planting of cuttings for rooting and establishment. Woody perennials are grown from seeds, multiplying the rootstocks from cuttings, layers, and grafts to perpetuate the same genetic properties.

We stared a plant nursery as our new project in Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd. Plant nursery is one of important way of farming.

Importance of nursery

It is possible to grow and maintain a large number of plants per unit area.

• Small and expensive hybrid seeds can be raised more effectively due to better care and management.

• When seeds are sown in seedbeds, their germination percentage increases and the vigor of the seedlings also improves.

• The management of seedlings can be done. in a better way with minimum care, cost, and maintenance as the nursery area is small.

• Manipulation of growing conditions for plants becomes easy.

• Better and more uniform crop growth can be obtained. in the main field by selecting vigorous and healthy seedlings.

• Off-season sowing of seeds becomes possible; This ultimately results in higher returns.

• The seed requirement for nursery-raised crops is less than direct seed sowing of the same species crop due to better management.

• Sowing seeds in a nursery allows additional time for doing preparatory tillage in the main plot. Harvesting of the previous crop can also be prolonged, if needed.

• Management of insect pests, diseases, and weeds is easy in a nursery.

We are building our plant nursery with valuable plants. Blue olives, Thai red jackfruit Thai Mulberry, Bangkok Sweet Longen, Bangkok yellow mango, Ceylon Olives, Chinese Guava red, Cinnamon are some of pants we plant in our plant nursery at Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd.

We are working on our new project well. We hope to plant those plant in our new land. As Pumi Tech (Pvt) Ltd we plan to do our new project good. On the land in Nochchimoddai is where we going to plant those plant.