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In today's fast-paced world, where knowledge is the key to success, the pursuit of education has never been more critical. However, for many students, particularly those studying at universities like Pokhara University, access to educational resources can be a challenging endeavor. Financial constraints, limited resources, and various other hurdles often stand in the way of academic excellence. It's in recognition of these challenges that PU e-Library has emerged with a mission that resonates deeply with the needs of students at Pokhara University.

• Equal Opportunities for Success: At PU e-Library, we firmly believe in the power of equal opportunities for success. We understand that every student has the potential to excel academically, regardless of their background or circumstances. Our mission is rooted in the principle that no student should be held back from achieving their academic goals due to factors beyond their control.

• Accessible Education Resources: One of the primary reasons why PU e-Library exists is to provide students with access to a vast and diverse collection of educational resources. Our platform is designed to be a one-stop destination for all your academic needs. Whether you're looking for old exam questions to prepare for upcoming assessments, comprehensive manuals to aid your understanding of complex subjects, lecture notes to complement your classroom learning, or insightful articles to broaden your knowledge, we've got you covered.

• Supporting the Pokhara University Community: We are proud to be part of the Pokhara University community. Our mission is deeply intertwined with the university's commitment to fostering academic excellence. By offering free, accessible, and high-quality education resources, we aim to support Pokhara University students in their academic journey.

• Conquering Academic Excellence Together: At PU e-Library, we don't just provide resources; we foster a sense of community and collaboration among students. We understand that academic excellence is not a solitary pursuit but a journey that is enriched by collective effort. By joining our platform, you become part of a vibrant community of learners who are dedicated to helping each other succeed.

In conclusion, PU e-Library exists to bridge the academic gap and empower Pokhara University students to reach their full potential. Our mission is to ensure that no student is left behind due to financial constraints or resource limitations. We invite you to explore our extensive collection of resources, join our community, and embark on a journey towards academic excellence. Together, let's conquer the challenges, unlock opportunities, and shape a brighter future for all. Join us today and be a part of this transformative educational journey!

Nepal Stock Exchange Limited (NEPSE) is the only stock exchange of Nepal, which provides a platform for companies to raise capital through the issuance of securities (stocks and bonds) and for investors to buy and sell those securities. The primary aim of NEPSE is to encourage investment in the stock market, which can lead to economic growth and development in the country.

NEPSE has a long history, which dates back to 1937 when the first stock exchange was established in Biratnagar, Nepal. However, due to various political and economic factors, it could not sustain its operations, and it was closed in the early 1960s. After a gap of more than 3 decades, the second stock exchange was established in Nepal in 1994, which was renamed as Nepal Stock Exchange in 1998. Since then, NEPSE has grown continuously, and currently, there are around 245 companies listed in it.

The ownership structure of NEPSE includes Nepal Government (58.66%), Nepal Rastra Bank (34.60%), Rastriya Banijya Bank (6.12%), and Members or Brokers (0.62%). NEPSE is regulated by the Securities Board of Nepal (SEBON), which is responsible for ensuring fair trading practices, protecting investors' interests, and maintaining market integrity.

To facilitate buying and selling of securities, NEPSE has given licenses to around 50 brokers (brokerage firms) throughout Nepal. These brokers act as intermediaries between investors and companies, providing various services such as investment advice, research, and analysis, as well as transaction execution.

To invest in NEPSE, Nepali investors need to have a Demat account, which is like a bank account but instead of holding cash, it holds securities (stocks and bonds). The investor can create a Demat account with their bank or brokerage firms. When the investor buys a security, it gets credited to their Demat account, and when they sell the security, it gets debited.

After creating a Demat account, the investor needs to create a trading account with a broker. The trading account enables investors to buy and sell securities in the secondary market. The investor can give instructions to the broker in different ways, such as buying or selling at an exact price or a specific price range or below or above a certain price. Once the broker executes the transaction, the investor receives a confirmation of the trade.

NEPSE operates Sunday to Thursday from 11:00 AM to 03:00 PM, except national holidays. During these hours, investors can place buying and selling orders to their broker. The settlement for buying or selling in the secondary market has T+3 (Transaction plus 3 days) principal – that is when you pay your buying share price, it will be shown to Demat account after 3 days. For selling, it has T+5 (Transaction plus 5 days) principal – that is when you sell your shares you will get your money after 5 days.

The shares listed on NEPSE belong to various sectors such as commercial banks, development banks, finance companies, hotels, hydropower companies, life insurance companies, manufacturing companies, microfinance institutions, mutual funds, non-life insurance companies, and others. NEPSE has categorized these companies under different sub-indices such as Commercial Banks, Development Banks, Finance, Hotel, Hydropower, Life Insurance, Manufacturing and Products, Microfinance, Mutual Fund, Non-life Insurance, Others, Trading.

In conclusion, NEPSE plays a crucial role in Nepal's capital market, providing a platform for companies and investors to interact and trade securities. The government, regulators, and market participants have made significant efforts to improve market transparency, efficiency, and investor protection in recent years. As a result, more and more Nepali investors are participating in the stock market, which can potentially contribute to the overall economic growth and development of the country.

Pokhara University is one of the leading universities in Nepal, established in 1997. It offers various academic programs under four faculties: Management, Science and Technology, Health Science, and Humanities and Social Sciences1. In this blog post, I will give you an overview of the courses offered by Pokhara University and some tips on how to choose the best course for you.

Management Courses

The Faculty of Management offers Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in Business Administration, Health Care Management, Hotel Management, and Development Finance. These courses are designed to equip students with the skills and knowledge to manage businesses, organizations, and projects in various sectors. Some of the courses are:

• Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA): This is a four-year course that covers the core areas of business such as accounting, finance, marketing, human resource management, and entrepreneurship. The course also offers electives in banking, insurance, tourism, and e-commerce2.

• Bachelor of Health Care Management (BHCM): This is a four-year course that focuses on the management of health care services and systems. The course covers topics such as health economics, health policy, health informatics, health law, and health ethics2.

• Bachelor of Hotel Management (BHM): This is a four-year course that prepares students for careers in the hospitality industry. The course covers topics such as food and beverage management, front office management, housekeeping management, and event management2.

• Master of Business Administration (MBA): This is a two-year course that provides advanced knowledge and skills in business administration. The course offers specializations in finance, marketing, human resource management, and entrepreneurship3.

• Master of Health Care Management (MHCM): This is a two-year course that enhances the managerial competencies of health care professionals. The course covers topics such as strategic management, quality management, health care financing, and health care innovation3.

• Master of Development Finance (MDF): This is a two-year course that trains students to analyze and manage development projects and programs. The course covers topics such as project appraisal, project monitoring and evaluation, development economics, and development finance3.

Science and Technology Courses

The Faculty of Science and Technology offers Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in Engineering, Computer Science, Pharmacy, Biotechnology, Environmental Science, and Geomatics Engineering. These courses are aimed at developing scientific and technological expertise and innovation among students. Some of the courses are:

• Bachelor of Civil Engineering (BCE): This is a four-year course that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of civil structures such as buildings, bridges, roads, dams, and water supply systems. The course covers topics such as structural engineering, geotechnical engineering, hydraulic engineering, and transportation engineering4.

• Bachelor of Civil & Rural Engineering (BCRE): This is a four-year course that focuses on the application of civil engineering principles to rural development issues such as irrigation, drainage, sanitation, rural roads, and rural housing. The course covers topics such as soil mechanics, water resources engineering,

Introduction: Launching a startup is like embarking on an epic adventure filled with enthusiasm, ambition, and unwavering drive. But the journey is fraught with peril, and many entrepreneurs in Nepal find themselves navigating treacherous waters. While tales of entrepreneurial triumph are celebrated, the tales of failure often remain in the shadows. In this article, we uncover the hidden challenges that Nepali startups face and explore the innovative ways they can chart a path to success.

• The Market Mystery: Imagine setting sail without a map or compass. This is how many Nepali startups operate. They plunge into entrepreneurship without understanding the intricacies of their target market. For some, being an entrepreneur is a badge of honor, sought to impress others. But here's the catch: success demands market mastery. Startups that fail often do so because they overlook the critical step of market research. Investors seek businesses that have delved deep into local market dynamics. Neglecting this vital step is akin to hoisting your anchor in a storm, often leaving you adrift in a sea of uncertainty.

• Networking Overload: In Nepal, the startup scene resembles a never-ending carnival of conferences, meetups, hackathons, and talk programs. It's easy to get caught up in the excitement. However, the real question is not how many events you attend but how wisely you allocate your time. In the startup world, the initial years are your ship's maiden voyage, and your focus should be on refining its inner workings. Building a tight-knit crew and a streamlined operation are more valuable than hoarding event invitations. Entrepreneurs must weigh the opportunity cost of these gatherings. Overindulgence in networking can steer your ship off course, leaving you stranded far from your destination.

• The Quest for Customer Connection: Picture a blacksmith crafting an exquisite sword, only to realize that nobody needs a sword in this age of peace. This scenario mirrors the journey of many Nepali startups. They invest months in creating dazzling products but often forget the essential rule: address a genuine need. Startups should set sail by identifying problems and then forging solutions, not the other way around. The tech sector, in particular, churns out products without first consulting the end-users. The result? A graveyard of failed creations. Startups must engage extensively with customers, not merely to tick a box but to harness the power of feedback. Neglecting this can leave your ship adrift, far from the shores of success.

• Investment vs. Self-Reliance: In Nepal's startup realm, there's a lingering misconception that investors are the gatekeepers to success. Many entrepreneurs believe they need an investor to set sail. However, investors are more interested in those who have proven their product's demand and are willing to stake their own treasure. Pitching an idea without a solid foundation is like chasing a mirage. This dependency on external funding often leaves businesses stranded when investments don't materialize. Even established businesses should avoid placing all their hopes in the treasure chest of investors. The startup sea is fickle, with no guarantees of rescue. A lack of contingency plans can lead to a shipwreck.

Conclusion: In the grand tale of entrepreneurship, success often shares the spotlight with failure. Nepali startups face common challenges, akin to uncharted waters, including market mysteries, networking overload, a lack of customer connection, and an overreliance on investment. However, these challenges are not insurmountable. Entrepreneurs should chart their course with market mastery, strike a balance between networking and internal growth, forge deep connections with customers, and rely on their own resilience rather than external funding. With these creative approaches to entrepreneurship, the Nepali startup odyssey can lead to remarkable destinations.