Family constellations are a method of psychological intervention aimed at developing mental and somatic health and general well-being by integrating elements of family system therapy, existential phenomenology and faith in ancestors. In simple terms, in constellations a person is considered as an element of the systems of his/her Family, his/her subpersonalities/parts (for example, the Inner Child and Inner Parent), social roles, society and ethnicity as a whole.
Changes for the better in a person's life occur when systems are harmonized and act in accordance with the "orders of Love" - as Hellinger called them. These include:
· the law of belonging: i.e. "everyone who came to the system has the right to be part of it forever" (for example, in Soviet times, talking about repressed relatives was taboo, thus this member of the system was excluded from it).
· the law of hierarchy: "whoever came to the system first has an advantage over the next one." · the law of general balance Give-Receive and the law of balance in parent-child relationships.
If at least one member of the system violates the laws, it affects the entire system and causes problems for other members of the system, because everyone is interconnected. Thus, we can say that the psychological trauma of ancestors affects our life today.
For example, your grandmother really wanted a child, but there was a miscarriage or the child died at an early age. If the grandmother had other children, then she might not have lived through the grief of loss to the fullest extent, since there was a need to remain strong and control herself. But when we renounce pain, we also lose the ability to be warm with others, open to the world. And so the grandmother emotionally withdraws into herself. Accordingly, her children grow up with a cold mother, there are no emotional manifestations of love in the family. But your mother's need for warmth has not gone away. And then you are born, grow up a little, and your mother unconsciously begins to make demands on you, expecting unconditional love from you, interest in her affairs, solving her problems, being with you 24/7. And when you are busy with your teenage and adult affairs, your mother makes demands “you don’t give a damn about your mother”, “ungrateful daughter: I lived my whole life for you, and you don’t call me every day”. And such behavior of your mother can give rise to a background feeling of guilt in you. This is how the unlived grief of your grandmother’s head determines your condition.
Therefore, the task of the facilitator during the constellation is to find the imbalance of the system and restore its harmony. In the constellation work, the psychologist combines the techniques and methods of psychodrama (one could say, the progenitor of constellations), gestalt therapy, CBT, systemic, as well as emotionally focused and body-oriented therapy.
The constellations use the philosophical and theological concept of "Ubuntu", which proclaims the values of humanism, dignity and respect for both living and deceased ancestors. The word "ubuntu" itself, translated from the African language Zulu, means "humanity towards others" and "faith in the universal power of participation that unites all of humanity". Leymah Roberta Gbowee, Nobel Peace Prize laureate for 2011, defines the principle of "ubuntu" as "I am because we are". That is, my existence does not occur in isolation or detachment. It is not formed only by me, but is determined by interconnections and interdependence. We are interconnected and constitute a living part of a vast Whole. Each of us is what he is, thanks to the existence of the Whole. My personal reality is conditioned by the essence of this Whole.
The method of constellations helps a person to see powerful systemic resources, to gain personal strength and to accept his own, conscious and free choice, as well as the choice and destiny of other members of the system, and thus to harmonize his systems.