Lab Set Up in ECE ISM Dhanbad 

The above experiment is based on Generation of a Microwave –photonics link. Microwave photonics is an area that deals with the use of photonic techniques to generate, process, control, and transmit microwave signals to take advantage of the high frequency, large bandwidth and low loss offered by modern photonics for applications such as broadband wireless communications, radar, sensing, imaging and instrumentation.

Microwave generation based on heterodyne beating:

The fundamental concept behind the generation of microwave signals based on photonics is to beat two optical waves at a photodetector. If the two wavelengths are phase correlated, a low-phase noise heterodyne beat signal with its frequency corresponding to the wavelength spacing is generated. The key is to generate two wavelengths that are phase correlated, to ensure low-phase noise microwave signal generation. In general, there are three main approaches that are employed to generate two phase correlated wavelengths, to beat to generate a high frequency and low phase noise microwave signal. These techniques include optical injection locking , optical phase-locked loop , optical external modulation, and optoelectronic oscillation

                                                                           Observed RF spectrum output in experimental setup

                                                                                    Experiment setup in optical lab of department