Rabbits, Dogs, Horses, Buffalos, Chickens, Turtles, Frogs, Pigs etc. were academically reported to be resistant to infection from prion diseases isolated from other species.
The please select 5 publications for the Project are:
[1] Zhang JP, Zhang YL (2014) Molecular dynamics studies on the NMR and X-ray structures of rabbit prion protein wild-type and mutants, J Theor Biol 342(1) 70-82. (ARC ERA ranking – A*, 5-Year Impact Factor 2.496, FOR code 1 (Mathematical Sciences), 6 (Biological Sciences), 9 (Engineering))
[2] Zhang JP, Gao DY, Yearwood J (2011) A novel canonical dual computational approach for prion AGAAAAGA amyloid fibril molecular modelling, J Theor Biol 284 (1) 149-157. (ARC ERA ranking – A*, 5-Year Impact Factor 2.496)
[3] Zhang JP, Sun J, Wu CZ (2011) Optimal atomic-resolution structures of prion AGAAAAGA amyloid fibrils, J of Theor Biol 279 (1), 17-28. (ARC ERA ranking – A*, 5-Year Impact Factor 2.496)
[4] Zhang JP (2011), Comparison studies of the structural stability of rabbit prion protein with human and mouse prion proteins, J Theor Biol 269(1), 88-95. (ARC ERA ranking – A*, 5-Year Impact Factor 2.496)
[5] Zhang JP (2010) Studies on the structural stability of rabbit prion probed by molecular dynamics simulations of its wild-type and mutants, J Theor Biol 264 (1) 119-122. (ARC ERA ranking – A*, 5-Year Impact Factor 2.496)
are the studies of rabbit, dog, horse, buffalo, chickens, turtles, frogs, human, mouse, elk, etc. prion proteins.
The importance of the project on rabbit, dog, horse and buffalo prion proteins was reported in many languages:
"el enfoque es muy prometedor y definitivamente vale la pena seguir trabajando en el proyecto. the approach is very promising and definitely worth continuing to work on the project."
In English of the full (original) website:
http://www.technologyreview.com/blog/arxiv/26934/ .......................
In Russian of the full website:
http://www.popmech.ru/article/9309-mostik-ustoychivosti/
http://newsnauka.blogspot.com/2011/07/blog-post_5413.html
http://kavkazec.com/alldaynews/nauka-i-texnika/5768-mostik-ustojchivosti-sekrety-krolikov.html
http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=229288160425436&comments
http://mti.edu.ru/blog/2011-07/18473-mostik-ustoichivosti-cekrety-krolikov
http://makafu.livejournal.com/68784.html
http://news.rambler.ru/10354591/
http://news.werd.ru/science/153887-Mostik_ustoychivosti.html
http://fnews.ucoz.ru/news/mostik_ustojchivosti_sekrety_krolikov/2011-07-03-1607
In Dutch in the full website:
http://www.visionair.nl/wetenschap/behandeling-ongeneeslijke-prionziekten-ontdekt/
In Spanish of the full website:
In Indonesian in the full website:
http://www.kesimpulan.com/2011/06/modeling-sifat-infeksius-spesies.html
In Persian in the full website:
http://www.psi.ir/html/news/news/news2_f.asp?id=302
Translations of the above different languages:
1. English
A prion is a misshapen protein that acts like an infectious agent (hence the name, which comes from the words protein and infection).
Prions cause a number of fatal diseases such as mad cow disease in cattle, scrapie in sheep and kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans. There is no cure and potential treatments are highly speculative.
In recent years, however, biologists have discovered several animals that are immune to prion diseases. These include horses, dogs and rabbits. Nobody knows why.
But a great deal of effort is being expended to find out. In the last couple of years, molecular biologists have identified the structure of the proteins in these immune species that in other animals cause prion disease. The obvious question is this: what's the difference?
Today, we have an answer thanks to an impressive set of molecular simulations carried out by Jiapu Zhang at the The University of Ballarat in Australia.
Zhang has simulated how these proteins change shape as their temperature and pH changes.
His conclusion is that the immune proteins are more stable than the others because of a salt bridge that connects two parts of the immune proteins "like a taught bow string". This prevents them from misfolding into an infectious form.
That's an interesting result because it immediately provides a therapeutic target to aim at. "This salt bridge might be a potential drug target for prion diseases," says Zhang.
The idea is that it might be possible to stabilise prion proteins in cattle, sheep and humans using an artificial salt bridge, similar to the one in dogs, horses and rabbits.
A long shot but certainly worth pursuing.
2. Russian
Prions - infectious agents that cause complex and so far incurable disease of cows, sheep and humans. However, rabbits, dogs or horses to them are surprisingly stable. It turns out that the whole point of "salt bridges".
Prions - the dangerous and cunning infectious agents. Это не паразитические черви, не простейшие, не бактерии и не вирусы – их вообще не стоит считать живыми. It is not parasitic worms, not simple, not bacteria and not viruses - they generally should not be considered alive. В них нет нуклеиновых кислот: прионы представляют собой полипептидные цепочки белков аномальной пространственной конфигурации. They contain no nucleic acids: Prions are abnormal proteins the polypeptide chain spatial configuration. И «размножаются» они крайне необычно. And the "breed" they are extremely unusual. Взаимодействуя с нормальным белком организма, они меняют и его конформацию, превращая в новый опасный приInteracting with a normal body protein, and they changing its conformation, making a dangerous new prion. О страшной «прионной угрозе» мы рассказывали в заметке « ».On the terrible "prion threat," we were told in the article " 100% infected . "
Обнаружены прионы были сравнительно недавно, известно о них довольно мало. Prions have been discovered recently, is known about them quite a bit. Но считается, что они могут быть ответственны за развитие целого ряда заболеваний – не только у людей. But it is believed that they could be responsible for the development of a number of diseases - not only in humans. Поклонникам сериала «Доктор Хаус» знакомы страшноватые названия прионных болезней – болезнь Крейцфельда-Якоба, болезнь Куру и т.д. Fans of the series "House" are familiar names frightening prion diseases - disease Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Kuru disease, etc. Широкую известность получили случаи «коровьего бешенства» (губчатой энцефалопатии крупного рогатого скота), имеющего как раз прионную природу. Widely known cases of "mad cow" disease (bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle), which has just prion nature.
Действенных способов терапии до сих пор нет, зато обнаружен ряд животных, которые обладают неожиданной устойчивостью к прионным инфекциям. Effective therapies are still there, but found a number of animals that have an unexpected resistance to prion infections. В их числе – и обыкновенные собаки, кролики, лошади. Among them - and ordinary dogs, rabbits and horses. Природа такой устойчивости до сих пор оставалась абсолютной загадкой. The nature of such stability still remains an absolute mystery. Лишь теперь, благодаря работающему в Австралии биологу и математику (Jiapu Zhang) мы можем кое-что об этом рассOnly now, thanks to working in Australia, biology and mathematics Jiapu Zhang (Jiapu Zhang), we can something to tell about it.
Ученый проводил компьютерное моделирование изменений пространственной конформации прионов, выделенных из этих животных, при изменении температуры и рН. Scientist conducted computer simulations of changes in spatial conformation of prions isolated from these animals, as the temperature and pH. Он пришел к выводу, что прионы устойчивых видов обладают менее гибкой структурой, которую стабилизируют солевые мостики, дополнительные связи. He concluded that prions are resistant species have a less flexible structure to stabilize salt bridges, additional links. Они фиксируют положение структурных доменов прионов, по выражению Чзана, «как туго натянутая тетива лука». They fix the position of structural domains of prions, according to Zhang, "as tightly stretched bowstring."
Этот вывод особенно интересен хотя бы тем, что сразу дает медикам направление, в котором можно вести создание терапевтических решений: стабилизация пространственной формы опасных для человека (и других видов) прионов путем создания в них дополнительных солевых мостиков. This finding is particularly interesting if only because once doctors give a direction in which it is possible to create therapeutic solutions: stabilization of the spatial form dangerous to humans (and other) prion by creating in them additional salt bridges.
3. Dutch
Prionen veroorzaken ernstige hersenziekten als kuru en de ziekte van Creutzfeld-Jacob. Prions cause severe brain diseases such as kuru and Creutzfeld-Jacob. Om een mysterieuze reden zijn honden en konijnen resistent tegen prionziektes. For some mysterious reason, dogs and rabbits resistant to prion diseases. Onderzoekers hebben nu ontdekt waarom. Researchers have now discovered why. Komt genezing nu dichterbij? Healing is nearer now?
What are prions?
Infectious diseases are caused by four classes of pathogens, we learned at school. Bacteriën, virussen (pakketjes erfelijk materiaal in een eiwitmantel), eencellige eukaryoten (cellen met een celkern) en meercellige organismen, denk aan draad- en spoelwormen en schimmels. Bacteria, viruses (packets genetic material in a protein coat), unicellular eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus) and multicellular organisms, think of wire and roundworms and fungi. Toch traden er merkwaardige ziekten op die niemand kon verklaren. Yet there were strange disease that nobody could explain. Zo is er de schapenziekte scrapies: schapen worden geteisterd door een gekmakende jeuk en sterven uiteindelijk. There is the sheep disease scrapie: sheep are plagued by a maddening itch and eventually die. Ook bij mensen komen twee van dit soort ziekten voor: kuru bij kannibalen uit Papoea Nieuw Guinea en de Creutzfeld-Jakob ziekte, die vergelijkbare symptomen kent als kuru: de hersenen veranderen in een spons. Even when two people come from these diseases: cannibals from kuru in Papua New Guinea and the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, which has similar symptoms as kuru, their brains turn into a sponge.
Hoe onderzoekers ook weefsel van zieke dieren en mensen afspeurden: de ziekteverwekker werd niet gevonden. The researchers also tissue from sick animals and people scoured, the pathogen was not found. Tot stralingsbioloog Tikvah Alper en wiskundige John Stanley Griffith in de jaren zestig met een hypothese kwamen die neerkwam op wetenschappelijke ketterij: deze ziekten werden veroorzaakt door besmettelijke eiwitten. To radiation biologist Tikvah Alper and mathematician John Stanley Griffith in the sixties came to a hypothesis that was tantamount to scientific heresy: the diseases caused by infectious proteins. Onmogelijk, oordeelde de gevestigde biologie. Impossible, ruled the established biology. Tot moleculair bioloog Stanley Prusiner in 1982 aantoonde dat een besmettelijk eiwit, door hem prion gedoopt, andere “gezonde” eiwitten in de ziekmakende vorm kon wringen. Stanley Prusiner to molecular biology in 1982 showed that an infectious protein, prion baptized by him, other "healthy" protein into the pathogenic form could wring. Hier kreeg hij in 1997 de Nobelprijs voor geneeskunde voor – na de nodige controverse, zoals gebruikelijk in de wetenschap. Here he received the 1997 Nobel Prize for medicine for - after some controversy, as usual in science.
Prionen zijn chemisch gezien autokatalytische moleculen – moleculen dus die andere moleculen in zichzelf kunnen omzetten. Prions are chemically autocatalytic molecules - molecules so they can transform themselves into other molecules. Prionen krijgen alleen vat op PrP (prion protein), een normaal eiwit dat in de cellen van veel dieren en de mens voorkomt. Prions only get hold of PrP (prion protein), a normal protein in the cells of many animals and humans occurs.
Prion resistance
A mystery, until now, how it is that horses, dogs and rabbits, where PrP in songs, not affected by prion diseases. We hebben nu een antwoord, dankzij een groot aantal conmputersimulaties van de vorm van prioneiwitten door Jiapu Zhang, een onderzoeker van de universiteit van Ballarat, Australië. We now have an answer, thanks to numerous conmputersimulaties the form of prion proteins by Jiapu Zhang, a researcher at the University of Ballarat, Australia. Zhang bestudeerde in zijn model hoe deze eiwitten van vorm veranderen als de temperatuur en de pH veranderen. Zhang studied in his model of how these proteins change shape as the temperature and pH changes. Zijn conclusie is dat de prion-resistente PrP-eiwitten stabieler zijn dan andere, omdat een zoutbrug twee delen van de immuunproteïne met elkaar verbindt, “zoals een strakgespannen boog”. His conclusion is that the prion-resistant PrP proteins are more stable than others, because a salt bridge two parts of the immune protein connects, "like a taut bow." Dit voorkomt dat ze zich in een infectueuze vorm kunnen buigen. Keeps them in an infectious form can bend.
Dit resultaat is interessant; er komt nu namelijk een mogelijke therapie voor patiënten en ziek vee beschikbaar. This result is interesting, because now there is a potential therapy for patients and sick cattle available. “Deze zoutbrug kan een potentieel doel voor [medicijnen tegen] prionziekten vormen”, aldus Zhang. "This salt bridge may be a potential target for [drugs] are prion diseases," said Zhang.
Door een kunstmatige zoutbrug kunnen zo prioneiwitten in vee, schapen en mensen worden gestabiliseerd, vergelijkbaar met die in honden, paarden en konijnen. By a salt bridge can be so artificial prion protein in cattle, sheep and people are stabilized, similar to those in dogs, horses and rabbits.
"Prion-resistentie
Tot voor kort was het onbekend waarom paarden, honden en konijnen niet getroffen worden door prionziektes. Jiapu Zhang, een Australisch onderzoeker, heeft een groot aantal computersimulaties van de vorm van prioneiwitten gemaakt. Zhang bestudeerde in zijn model hoe deze eiwitten van vorm veranderen als de temperatuur en de pH veranderen en ontdekte dat deze dieren prion-resistente PrPc eiwitten hebben die stabieler zijn dan die in bijvoorbeeld koe of schaap. Zijn conclusie is dat een zoutbrug tussen twee delen van het PrPc-eiwit het eiwit stabieler maakt, hetgeen voorkomt dat het zich in een infectieuze vorm kan buigen. Met dit gegeven kan er mogelijk een therapie beschikbaar komen.
Hoewel paarden en honden dus niet gevoelig zijn voor prionziektes, zijn katachtigen dit wel; zij kunnen Feline Spongiform Encephalopathy (FSE) ontwikkelen, een ziekte die zowel klinisch als histopathologisch lijkt op de Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE). De belangrijkste klinische kenmerken zijn: progressief verlopende neurologische verschijnselen, bewegingsstoornissen en abnormaal gedrag. Histopathologisch wordt de aandoening vooral gekenmerkt door degeneratieve veranderingen van het centrale zenuwstelsel gepaard gaande met holtevorming, een beeld dat lijkt op dat van BSE en andere spongiforme encephalopathieën.
Prionen
Prionen zijn ziekteveroorzakende eiwitten, die infecties veroorzaken die niet gereguleerd worden door genetisch materiaal (ze bevatten geen DNA noch RNA) en verschillen daardoor van virussen en bacteriën. In 1982 werd de zenuwziekte scrapie bij schapen ontdekt. De hersenen van de door deze ziekte gestorven schapen bleken infectieus voor gezonde dieren. Biochemicus Stanley Prusiner ontdekte in 1982 dat een “Proteinaceous Infectious Particle” aan de basis lag voor deze ziekte en gaf er de naam Prion aan.
Het PrP-gen bepaalt de aanmaak en eigenschappen van normaal voorkomend Prion-eiwit (Prion Protein, ook wel afgekort tot PrP). Prioneiwitten liggen op de celmembranen. Waarschijnlijk spelen ze een rol bij de moleculaire signalen die cellen aan elkaar geven, maar hun exacte fysiologische functie is tot op heden onbekend.
Bij prionziektes verandert cellulair Prioneiwit (PrPc, de c staat voor cellulair) van vorm en wordt een abnormaal eiwitmolecuul, ook wel afgekort tot PrPsc (de sc staat voor scrapie). Dit nieuw gevormde PrPsc prion verandert andere, nabij gelegen PrPc in PrPsc. Deze PrPsc is resistent tegen proteasen (eiwitsplitsende enzymen), ongrijpbaar voor het immuunsysteem en stapelt zich. Wanneer er een bepaald aantal PrPsc prionen is gevormd, ontstaat er ziekte. PrPsc prionen veranderen nooit terug in PrPc.
PrPc komt in alle cellen van het lichaam voor, met een hoge concentratie in de hersenen. De
pathogene PrPsc prionen veroorzaken kleine blaasjes in de hersencellen. Geleidelijk sterven de aangetaste cellen af en er vallen steeds meer gaten in de hersenen, vandaar dat er ook wel gesproken wordt van spongiforme aandoeningen.
Naast scrapie is BSE, Bovine Spongiforme Encephalopathie, ook wel de gekke koeienziekte genoemd, een andere bekende prionziekte.
Prionziektes kunnen erfelijk bepaald zijn; er is dan sprake van een genetisch bepaalde gevoeligheid voor prionziektes of van een mutatie in het prion-gen, maar deze ziektes kunnen ook overdraagbaar zijn door besmet (chirurgisch) materiaal of weefsel. Ook het consumeren van besmet hersenweefsel kan leiden tot prionziektes. Creutzfeldt-Jakob, een menselijke variant van BSE, kan zowel erfelijk bepaald zijn als door consumptie van aangetast hersenweefsel zijn ontstaan.
" -- Marielle Rekveld-Temminck & Anne-Marie Rodenburg (2012) VACCINATIE - EEN FASCINEREND ONDERWERP, Een homeopathische visie op ziekte en gezondheid, Chapter 1 FYSIOLOGIE, pp.7-8.Note: The E-book can be freely downloaded at website http://www.annemarierodenburg.nl/uploads/2/1/8/3/21834834/vaccinatie_een_fascinerend_onderwerp_-_rekveld_rodenburg.pdf
4. Spanish
Studies in recent years have shown that rabbits are immune to prion diseases and experts believe they know why animals can not be harmed by conditions.
Tras estos descubrimientos, ellos serán capaces de sintetizar nuevas curas para los seres humanos, según los nuevos datos. After these discoveries, they will be able to synthesize new cures for humans, according to new data.
Los priones son agentes de infecciones que se componen de proteínas que se doblan incorrectamente. Prions are agents of infections that are composed of proteins that fold incorrectly. La forma en que una proteína se pliega es absolutamente esencial para determinar su función. The way a protein folds is absolutely essential to determine their function. Hay muchas moléculas de este tipo que se parecen entre sí y sólo se diferencian por la forma en que se doblan. There are many such molecules which resemble each other and differ only in how they bend. Sus funciones son totalmente diferentes. Its functions are totally different.
A diferencia de las enfermedades infecciosas convencionales, que requieren un microorganismo ADN, ARN o ambos en el cuerpo, las enfermedades priónicas pueden ser causadas por las proteínas del cuerpo.Unlike conventional infectious diseases that require a microorganism DNA, RNA or both in the body, disease can be caused by prion proteins in the body. Generalmente, estas enfermedades atacan el cerebro y otros tejidos neuronales y son intratables y fatales. Generally, these diseases attack the brain and other neural tissues and are untreatable and fatal.
La enfermedad Creutzfeldt-Jakob (ECJ), el síndrome de Sträussler (GSS), el insomnio fatal familiar (FFI) y Kuru son las principales enfermedades priónicas que afectan a los seres humanos. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Sträussler syndrome (GSS), fatal familial insomnia (FFI) and Kuru are the key to prion diseases that affect humans. Estas condiciones son degenerativas, la muerte produciéndose de varios meses a varios años después de adquirir la infección. These are degenerative death occurring several months to several years after acquiring infection.
Además de los conejos, los caballos y los perros también son inmunes a la condición. In addition to rabbits, horses and dogs are also immune to the condition. Los biólogos moleculares han pasado los últimos años tratando de determinar por qué ocurre esto. Molecular biologists have spent years trying to determine why this happens. El experto Jiapu Zhang de la Universidad de Ballarat en Australia, cree que posiblemente haya encontrado una explicación. Zhang Jiapu expert at the University of Ballarat in Australia, believed to possibly have found an explanation.
Su investigación se centró en determinar qué efecto tienen las variaciones de pH y la temperatura en las proteínas y en el cambio de su forma. His research focused on determining what effect changes in pH and temperature on protein and change its shape. En los animales inmunes, dos partes de las proteínas inmunes tienen que pasar por un puente salino, lo que impide la infección de las moléculas. In immune animals, two parts of the immune proteins have to go through a salt bridge, preventing the infection of the molecules.
"Este puente salino podría ser un posible medicamento contra las enfermedades priónicas”, dice Zhang. Esto significa que los expertos tendrán que encontrar una manera de provocar la creación de esos puentes salinos también en las proteínas humanas. "This salt bridge could be a potential drug against prion diseases," says Zhang. This means that experts must find a way to cause the creation of these salt bridges also in human proteins.
El mismo enfoque podría utilizarse también en bovinos y ovinos. The same approach could also be used in cattle and sheep. La enfermedad de las vacas locas es una enfermedad priónica, por lo que este descubrimiento podría reducir al mínimo las pérdidas de vidas. The mad cow disease is a prion disease, so this discovery could minimize the loss of life. Zhang admite que sus estudios se encuentran apenas en etapas iniciales. Zhang admits that her studies are just in initial stages.
Sin embargo, el enfoque es muy prometedor y definitivamente vale la pena seguir trabajando en el proyecto. However, the approach is very promising and definitely worth continuing to work on the project. La eliminación de las enfermedades priónicas sería un gran paso adelante, teniendo en cuenta su naturaleza brutal e implacable, informa Technology Review . Removal of prion diseases would be a great step forward, given its brutal and unforgiving nature, reports Technology Review .
5. Indonesian
News KeSimpulan.com - Secrets revealed Prion disease immunity. Seorang matematikawan mengungkap kunci mengapa beberapa spesies kebal terhadap penyakit prion. Key reveals a mathematician why some species are immune to prion diseases.
Imunitas penyakit Prion telah lama menjadi misteri. Immunity Prion diseases have long been a mystery. Kelinci kebal terhadap penyakit prion. Rabbits are immune to prion diseases. Sekarang seorang biolog molekuler berpikir sebuah rahasia dapat membantu dalam mengembangkan pengobatan. Now, a molecular biologist thinks of a secret can help in developing treatments.
Prions are proteins that act as defects infectious agent (hence the name derived from protein and infection).
Prion menyebabkan sejumlah penyakit fatal seperti penyakit sapi gila pada sapi, scrapie pada domba serta kuru dan penyakit Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD) pada manusia. Prions cause a number of fatal diseases such as mad cow disease in cattle, scrapie in sheep and kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans. Tidak ada obat dan perawatan serta potensi sangat spekulatif. There is no cure and treatments as well as the potential is very speculative.
Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, bagaimanapun para biologi telah menemukan beberapa hewan yang kebal terhadap penyakit prion termasuk kuda, anjing dan kelinci. In recent years, however, the biologists have found several animals that are immune to prion diseases including horses, dogs and rabbits. Tidak ada yang tahu mengapa, namun anyak upaya dilakukan untuk mencari tahu. No one knows why, but anyak attempts were made to find out.
Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir biologi molekuler telah mengidentifikasi struktur protein dalam imun spesies pada hewan lainnya menyebabkan penyakit prion. In recent years molecular biologists have identified the structure of proteins in the immune animal species on the other cause prion disease. Pertanyaan yang jelas adalah apa bedanya? The obvious question is what's the difference?
Sekarang sebuah jawaban mengensankan mencoba dengan satu set simulasi molekul dilakukan oleh Jiapu Zhang, matemiatikawan dari University of Ballarat di Australia, bagaimana protein berubah bentuk karena perubahan suhu dan pH. Now an answer mengensankan tried with a set of molecular simulations performed by Zhang Jiapu, matemiatikawan from the University of Ballarat in Australia, how the proteins change shape due to changes in temperature and pH.
Kesimpulannya adalah protein kekebalan tubuh yang lebih stabil dari yang lain karena jembatan garam yang menghubungkan dua bagian protein kekebalan tubuh. The conclusion was that the immune proteins are more stable than the others because the salt bridge connecting the two parts of the immune proteins. Hal ini mencegah mereka dari misfolding menjadi bentuk menular. This prevents them from misfolding into infectious form.
Ini temuan menarik karena dapat segera memberi target terapi. This exciting finding because it may soon provide a therapeutic target.
"This salt bridge might be a potential drug target for prion diseases," kata Zhang melapor ke arXiv . "This salt bridge Might Be a potential drug target for prion diseases," Zhang said report to the arXiv.
Gagasan hal ini mungkin untuk menstabilkan protein prion pada sapi, domba dan manusia menggunakan jembatan garam buatan, mirip pada anjing, kuda dan kelinci. The idea of this is possible to stabilize the prion protein in cattle, sheep and humans using artificial salt bridge, similar in dogs, horses and rabbits. Sebuah tembakan panjang tetapi tentu layak untuk ditindaklanjuti. A long shot but certainly worth to be followed up.
6. Persian
Priona number of factors such as mad cow disease in cattle, sheep and Crowe script 2 and 3 disease Krvtflt - Jacob is 4 people. با وجود اینکه این بیماری هیچ راه درمان قطعی ندارد، در سال های اخیر زیست شناسان فهمیده اند که بعضی از حیوانات مانند اسب، سگ و خرگوش در مقابل آن ایمن هستند. Although the disease has no cure, in recent years, biologists have learned that some animals such as horses, dogs and rabbits in front of it are safe. ولی کسی دلیل آن را نمیداند. But because nobody knows it.
Recently, a molecular biologist has claimed that because safety is discovered. او می گوید کشف این راز کمک بزرگی به توسعه روش معالجه این بیماری خواهد کرد. He discovered the secret of great help to cure the disease will develop.
پیرون پروتئینی است که مانند عامل واگیر عمل می کند (به همین خاطر اسم آن از دو کلمه پروتئین و عفونت 5 نشات گرفته است). Prion protein that acts as the agent of contagious (so its name is derived from two proteins, and infection 5). حداقل در دوسال اخیر زیست شناسان ملکولی ساختارهایی پروتئینی در گونه ها ی ایمن کشف کردند که در سایر جانوران باعث بیماری پیرون می شود. At least in recent years molecular biologists discovered that the structures of proteins in other species of animals can safely be Prion disease. اولین سوالی که به ذهن می رسد این است که : تفاوت بین این حیوانات چیست؟ The first question that comes to mind is: What is the difference between these animals? اکنون جواب این سوال به لطف مجموعه ای از شبیه سازی های ملکولی که به وسیله جیاپو زنگ 6 در دانشگاه بالارات 7 در استرالیا انجام شده، آشکار شده است. The answer now, thanks to a series of molecular simulations that a ring Jiapu Zhang at University of Ballarat in Australia has done, is evident.
شبیه سازی های او نشان می دهد چگونه این پروتئین ها، زمانی که دما و pH تغییر می کند، تغییر شکل می دهند. His simulations show how these proteins, the temperature and pH changes, changes form. نتیجه شبیه سازی او نشان میدهد که وجود یک پل نمکی دو قسمت پروتئین های ایمن را به هم وصل می کند و آنها را پایدارتر میسازد. Simulation results show that the presence of a salt bridge to connect the two proteins are safe and make them more sustainable. این نتیجه بسیار جالب است چون امید به درمان دارویی بیماری را افزایش میدهد. This result is very interesting because it raises the hope for treatment of disease. یعنی با ایجاد پل نمکی مصنوعی پروتئین های پیرون را در موجودات غیر مصون در برار بیماری، پایدار کرد. Salt bridge with the non-immunized animals in Prion artificial proteins in the disease content, be sustained. البته این کاری سخت است و امیدی نیست که در آینده خیلی نزدیک به نتیجه برسد. It is hard work and hope that in the very near future to reach a conclusion.
7. Chinese
http://w6d.blogspot.com/2011/06/blog-post_27. html
2011年6月27日星期一 June 27, 2011 Monday
研究破解狂牛症密碼 Password crack mad cow disease research
人們以死掉的牛羊內臟做成飼料粉加入在牲口的食物中餵食牲口終至自食惡果,雖然學界找出了對治的方法,細想因果循環不見饒過了誰。 Dead people to make cows and sheep offal in animal feed powder into the food fed to animals eventually disastrous, although scholars to find a method of treatment, think carefully who spared not see cause and effect cycle.
造成狂牛症的特定蛋白質- Prion, 在兔子、狗以及馬體內也都存著有,但是Prion 對於兔子、狗以及馬並不會造成像在牛羊以及人(食人族吃掉親人的習俗可導致此病)身上的病變。 Specific proteins causing mad cow disease - Prion, in rabbits, dogs and horses also have kept the body there, but Prion for rabbits, dogs and horses and cattle and sheep as well as in will not cause people (cannibals eat their loved ones can practice cause disease) body lesions. 研究者經由模擬找出了足以穩定Prion 的機制,也因著目標明確(The salt bridge) 對於Prion 所引發的病變其可靠的治療方法將指日可期。 The researchers identified through simulation Prion mechanism to stabilize, but also because of targeted (The salt bridge) Prion-induced diseases for its reliable treatment method can be expected to happen.