Arts Library

John Edwardes Lyall

The Advocate General of Bengal and a barrister of renown, John Edwardes Lyall made significant contributions to the practice and teaching of law in Bengal, especially in Presidency College. The eldest son of George Lyall, Member of Parliament of London (his younger brother George Lyall Jr was M.P. of Whitehaven), he was educated at Eton. Originally aiming for the civil service of the East India Company, he left Eton for Haileybury, where he achieved great success, and obtained many prizes for his proficiency in Oriental languages. However, eventually giving up on the idea of moving to India as a writer, he entered Balliol college, Oxford. On leaving Oxford, he hoped to carve out a career in law, and became a member of the Inner Temple, by which inn of court he was called to the bar in 1837. After practicing for some years on the Home circuit, in the spring of 1842 he was appointed Advocate General of Bengal by the Directors of the East India Company, and set sail for India in May 1842. There he was popular for his efforts on behalf of the local population, especially on educational matters. He voluntarily offered to deliver lectures on law at Hindoo College. The course of lectures began on the 12th October 1843. Opening with a general introductory lecture, "which was attended by His Honour the Deputy Governor of Bengal, the Council of Education, Sir Henry Seton (one of the Judges of the Supreme Court) and a large number of the Civil and other Services,”, the course was afterwards continued once a week, and was "attended by the pupils of the Senior Classes of the Hindu and Hooghly Colleges, as well as by some of the Students of the College of Fort William." The first course of lectures was delivered between October 1843 and February 1844. The second course lasted from May to October 1844. This series may have lasted longer if not for Lyall’s untimely death. His death of spasmodic cholera on the 9th March of 1845, at the Government House in Barrackpore, while visiting Sir Henry Hardinge, was greatly mourned, and is recorded in the Bengal Hurkaru and the Calcutta Star, as well as the 24th volume of the Gentleman’s Magazine.

This plaque, the second oldest in the current Arts Library, was erected entirely at the appeal and initiative of the students of the College. Gokulnath Dhar, once the librarian in this College, notes that there were twenty seven signatories for the cause, and among them were Rajnarayan Bose, Gireesh Chunder Ghose and Prasanna Kumar Sarvadhikary.

This plaque is placed against the first pillar that one encounters upon entering the Arts Library.

The inscription on the plaque reads as follows:


In grateful remembrance ofthe lateJohn Edwardes Lyall, esq.,The Advocate General,The zealous friend of the natives,And the first gratuitous lectureron Jurisprudence, in this hall.This tablet is erected by theLaw studentsof theHindu College.1845.

Henry Scott Smith

In his brief life, Henry Scott Smith had a significant role to play in the education system of Bengal, and especially in the growth and development of Calcutta University, which Presidency College was, for a long time, part of.

Born in Upper Comber, Belfast, Dublin in 1830, to James Smith, he graduated as Bachelor of Arts from Trinity College, Dublin.

Smith travelled to India in 1856, and was employed as a professor of Mathematics in the then newly started College of Civil Engineering (It may be mentioned here that Presidency College housed the College of Civil Engineering, which then existed as a department, for a few decades till the establishment of a separate institution at Shibpore in 1880). He joined his post on the 8th of December with a salary of Rs. 380 a month. As Gokulnath Dhar reports, he was a devoted teacher; but his status in the College seems to have been that of an Assistant Professor only. In the Civil Engineering College Report for 1858-59, the Principal, Major George Chesney expressed Smith’s capacity in his duties and brought to the notice of higher authorities the unfairness of his position "in being placed and paid on the footing of an Assistant Professor only. There is nothing in the nature of his duties," he added, "to call for this anomaly. Mathematics must always form a prominent part of the studies here, and the duties Mr. Smith performs are fully as important as those of any Professor in Calcutta, while they are certainly as laborious." In March, 1860, Smith was appointed acting Inspector of Schools in Eastern Bengal, but at his own wish was allowed to return to the Civil Engineering College. His mathematical teaching was commended by the College Examiners, and his students had many a positive remark about him.

On the 1st of August, 1858, on the motion of Vice-Chancellor Sir James William Colvile, Smith was appointed Registrar of the Calcutta University – a post he held simultaneously with his Professorship at the Civil Engineering College, where he was elected a Member of the Faculty of Engineering.

As a registrar of the University which had not yet completed two years of its existence – and therefore the rules and regulations of which were still in the making, Smith had rigorous tasks at hand. Deeply engaged in the workings of the Calcutta University (the records of which may be found in large numbers in the Minutes of the Calcutta University), Smith was closely associated with Reverend Alexander Duff. In 1861, Smith and Duff formed a sub-committee, appointed by the University of Calcutta, to observe the state of science education in the city. The sub-committee reported a lack of apparatus and other equipment, and the fact of the majority of the colleges being unable to provide for the same owing to the cost. “The consequence is that”, the Sub-committee concluded, “this subject (Physical Science) which has very properly been made by the Senate a compulsory of the B.A. course, is often left to the undirected resources of the students themselves. In fact, they are left very much to the text-books, with a few or none of those aids, in the way of experimental lectures, which one considered in other countries to be essential to a proper understanding of this subject.”

Further, in a meeting on 31st January, 1862, Duff and Smith’s subcommittee emphasized the need for the university having a building of its own.

Smith returned to Europe in 1862 on a medical leave. He passed away on 26th June, 1864, and was buried on the 27th. His ‘sudden death’ is recorded with regret in the “Minutes for the Year 1964-65”:

“The Syndicate, before proceeding to the business for which it has convened, desires to record its sense of great loss which the University has sustained in the sudden death of the Registrar, Mr. H. Scott Smith, whose kindness of heart, courtesy of manner, practical habits of business, intimate acquaintance with the details of his work, and interest in the University, enabled him to perform the duties of his important and often laborious office in a manner which won for him the hearty esteem of those who are now called to the melancholy task of making arrangements for the appointment of a successor.”

This plaque, erected in his memory, is located near the librarians' desk in the Arts Library. The inscription on the plaque reads:


In memory ofHenry Scott SmithBachelor of ArtsOf Trinity College, Dublin,Fellow and Registrarof the Calcutta University.Died 26th June, 1864.Some who esteemed his worth have raised this tablet.Llewelyn & co., SCTS.

Hugh William McCann

A brilliant professor and scholar of Mathematics, Hugh William McCann left his mark both in his homeland and at Presidency College during his regrettably short life. Born in Kirkudbright, Scotland in 1853 (baptised on 7th February) to Hugh Gregory McCann of Kilmarnck, Ayrshire, McCann was educated at Causiu’s Institution, near Edinburgh, and then under Reverend John Septon, late Fellow of St. John’s College. In 1867, he was placed first in the list of junior candidates in the Oxford Middle-Class Examinations, and in the next year he came first in the senior category of the same examinations. He obtained the Gold Medal in Higher Mathematics and the Bronze Medal in Mechanics at the Government Science Examinations, and the next year earned the Whitworth Scholarship. In June 1870, he matriculated at the London University, stood first in Honours and was awarded the first Exhibition. He won a scholarship for Mathematics at the Trinity College. In the following June he gained the London University Exhibition in Mathematics and Mechanical Philosophy at the First Examinations for Bachelor of Science, and in October, 1871, commenced his course at the Trinity College. Records reveal that since 1871, McCann suffered from frequent bouts of ill health, which constantly interfered with his education, and forced him to leave Cambridge frequently. In October, 1873, he was forced to leave Cambridge for a year, returning in late 1874. Finally, in 1876, He completed his education for the mathematical Tripos in Cambridge with Honours.

After completing his education (M.A. from Cambridge, D.Sc.), McCann traveled to India and joined Presidency College in 1879 as a lecturer of Mathematics. He was well-loved by his students and colleagues during his brief career. McCann was among the Professors and Principals who took an interest in the cause and welfare of the Presidency College Union as the students attempted to revive it around 1882. He presided over an Annual Meeting on the issue in the beginning of 1883, where students presented debates on various subjects.

After completing his education (M.A. from Cambridge, D.Sc.), McCann traveled to India and joined Presidency College in 1879 as a lecturer of Mathematics. He was well-loved by his students and colleagues during his brief career. McCann was among the Professors and Principals who took an interest in the cause and welfare of the Presidency College Union as the students attempted to revive it around 1882. He presided over an Annual Meeting on the issue in the beginning of 1883, where students presented debates on various subjects.

In 1883, McCann was appointed to conduct the Premchand Roychand Studentship Examination of the Calcutta University in Mixed Mathematics (a rare accomplishment given his young age). A year later he was a Fellow of the Calcutta University and attached to the Faculty of Arts and Engineering. Sir Abdur Rahim remembers Professor McCann as talking "the broadest Scotch I ever heard in this country," and that "Notes of his lectures were much sought after for purposes of Examination." Sir Asutosh Mukherji spoke of him as a man of “unquestioned intellectual calibre.”

McCann passed away on June 21, 1884; he was suffering from cholera. He was buried at Ranigunge on the 22nd of June. A special meeting of the Union chaired by Mr. C.H. Tawney, then Principal of the College, was held on 1st July, 1884 to condole his death. Following this, a subscription list was opened to collect fund for raising a suitable memorial and in the beginning of 1885, Ashutosh Mukhopadhyay, secretary of the Union, was able to forward to the institution a portion of the amount raised for McCann Silver Medal, which has since then (for some time) been presented to the student obtaining the highest marks for B.A Honours in Mathematics. With the rest of the money, this tablet was raised in the Library.

This white marble plaque, made by Dowling, is located in the Faculty Room in the Arts Library. The inscription on it reads:


In memory ofHugh William McCann, M.A., D.Sc.Professor of Mathematics in this College.Born 5th January 1853, Died 21st June 1884.This tabletis erected by his fellow professors and pupilsas a memorial of his kindly disposition, highattainments and devotion to his work and intoken of their regret at his untimely death. Dowling, Sculptor.

Contributors towards the foundation of Presidency College

This plaque in the central library commemorates the liberality and public spirit of some of the individuals associated with the founding of the institution - The Maharaja of Burdwan - Tejchandra Rai Bahadur, Gopimohan Tagore, Jaykrishna Singha, Gopimohan Deb and Ganganarayan Das. All of them had made crucial financial contributions that made the formation of the college possible.

At the time of the foundation of the Hindu College, Tejchandra Bahadur of Burdwan and Gopimohan Tagore were named the first Governors, and Gopimohan Deb, Jaykrishna Singha and Ganganarayan Das (among others) were named the original Directors.

The Maharaja of Burdwan, Tejchandra Rai Bahadur, is perhaps best known to the common eye for the 108 aatchala Shiva temples of Ambika Kalna, which were built under him in 1809. The zamindari of Burdwan passed on to Tejchandra at the age of five, in May 1770, after his father Tilakchandra’s untimely death. An understanding of the interaction between Tejchandra and the British sheds much light in the matters of land and revenue system of the time. Tejchandra was also an educationist, and his name was among the individuals the likes of David Hare, whose personal endeavors made it possible to open non-government educational institutions in Bengal. Although financially aiding the newly found College, the early records of the college mention that Tej Bahadur was irregular in his physical presence in the committee meetings.

Gopimohan Tagore, the son of Darpanarayan Tagore, was an eminent scholar of many Indic and European languages, and had a position of repute in the colonial government. With the aim of propagating English education in Bengal, he contributed ten thousand rupees towards the establishment of Hindoo College.

Joy Krishna Singha was the son of Shanti Ram Singha, a Dewan under the governance of East-India Company, and a part of the Singha family of Jorasanko. An orthodox Hindu and an educationist, he donated more than 5000 rupees in the development fund of Hindoo College. In the second general body meeting towards the establishment of the college, held on 21st May, 1816, a committee was formed and Singh was one among the members of that committee. In December 1816, another managing committee was formed, where he was selected as one of the directors of that committee at Sir W.H. East’s residence. Joy Krishna also took a stand for Henry Louis Vivian Derozio while debates on the latter’s suspension from the college were raging.

Gopi Mohan Deb supported the initiative of establishing the Hindoo College in 1817. According to the records, he donated a large sum to the fund. He was one among the 15 Indian members of the foundation committee of Hindoo College. In December 1816, he became a director of the managing committee. His son, Radha Kanta Deb was also associated with the Hindoo college.

Ganganarayan Das is well-remembered time and again, in documents and speeches about the College, for his contribution towards its genesis.

After the Hindoo College was made into a government college and named Presidency College, these gentlemen surrendered their duties to the Education Department, and their contribution was highlighted by the naming of scholarships after them: Tagore scholarship (two of Rs 20 per month), Maharaja of Burdwan Scholarship (four of Rs 40 monthly), Burdwan Rajah’s Family Scholarship (two of Rs 20 monthly), Tagore Family Scholarship (two of Rs 10 monthly), Gopimohan Deb Scholarship (Rs 10 per month), Joykissen Singh Scholarship (Rs 10 monthly), and the Ganganarain Das Scholarship (Rs 10 per month).

This tablet was constructed through the munificence of Maharaja Bahadur Sir Jatindra Mohan Tagore K.C.S.I, the grandson of Gopimohan Tagore. It is the oldest in the Arts Library.

It is located adjacent to the staircase leading to the mezzanine floor (near the section of library housing books on English literature, philosophy etc.) in the Arts Library. The inscription on it reads:


Erectedto commemoratethe liberality and public spirit of the donorswhose names are recorded below,who mainly contributed to the founding of theHindu College,now represented by theHindu SchoolandPresidency College.….His Highness The Maharaja of BurdwanBabu Gopee Mohun TagoreBabu Joy Kissen SinghRajah Gopee Mohun DebBabu Gunga Narain DasBrown & Co., S.C.T.S.

Babu Ram Chandra Mitra

A brilliant student in his youth, Ramchandra Mitra was a student of Hindu College, and grew to be a teacher at the same institution. Gokul Nath Dhar, librarian at Presidency College, notes that Mitra appears to have entered service on the first of March, 1830, as a teacher in the Junior Department of the Hindu College. Dhar adds, “By sheer dint of perseverance and selfless devotion to his task he rose gradually into prominence. The Professors of the College Department who conducted the examinations of the junior boys expressed their unstinted admiration of the classes put under his care, and were invariably of opinion that they ''reflected the highest credit on their teacher"—Babu Ram Chunder Mitter. He appears to have become the Second Master of the Junior Department in 1841, when he drew a salary of Rs. 175 a month. The task of teaching the “class in Geography, Dictation, Translation and Writing" was entrusted to him. On the 21st of July 1848 he was promoted to the grade of Rs. 200 and appointed "Teacher of Translation" in the Senior School. "As an experimental measure, the Vernacular Classes of the College Department were entrusted to his charge" in 1854.”

He was later appointed Examiner in Bengali by the Calcutta University in 1858, and elected a Fellow of the University and a Member of the Faculty of Arts on 15th April 1864. He was a well-known member of the Bethune Society, and for some time its chairperson. Mitra was the author of several texts, a few being Manoram Pathya, Pathamrita and Ingrejir Prathamik Grammar. Also an enthusiast in ornithology, he wrote a book by the name of Pakkhir Biboron (Descriptions of Birds). He was the first to produce the map of Europe in Bengali script. His other accomplishments include the direction and publication of the monthly periodicals, Pashyabali and Gyanoday.

Mitra passed away at the age of 60. In his address at the Convocation on the 21st March 1874, the Vice-Chancellor, Sir Edward Clive Bayley, observed: "Ram Chunder Mitter, too, has passed away; he deserves a tribute of respect as a veteran champion of education, whose services were rendered at a time when there were few to fight, and when the struggle was hard to maintain, and because his personal high character lent force to his exertions."

This marble bust was created by Brown & Co., S.C.T.S. through the initiative of the members of the Bethune Society, and was presented to the College. Present at the geographical centre of the Arts Library, it is located adjacent to the staircase leading to the mezzanine floor (near the section of the library housing books on English literature, philosophy etc.), below the plaque commemorating the contributors towards the founding of the College.

The inscription below the bust reads as follows:


Erectedto the memory ofBaboo Ram Chunder Mitter,bythe members and well-wishers of the Bethune Society,in recognition of the untiring zeal with whichhe for 25 years, labored in the causes of the society.Born 1814,Died 1874.Brown & Co., S.C.T.S.

John Howard Gilliland

For a period, a faculty member at the Civil Engineering College at Shibpore, John Howard Gilliland was associated with Presidency College, and left a deep mark on the institution. Born on 20th July, 1854 to Henry Gilliland, he completed his matriculation from Queens’ College, Cambridge in 1873, followed by his B.A. in early 1877 (he was Third Wrangler), and M.A. in 1896. Married to Emma Granada Gray on 31 July 1877, he traveled to India, and was appointed to the Bengal Educational Department in 1877. He served as professor of Civil Engineering in Presidency College (1877-80), and, when the Civil Engineering classes were moved to Shibpore, in the Howrah College (Shibpore). Gilliland returned as officiating Professor of Mathematics in Presidency College after the death of Dr. McCann, and was employed in the post from 31st January to 2nd March, 1885, until he was relieved by the arrival of Mr. G.W. Küchler. He was subsequently attached to the permanent staff of Presidency college: he taught Physical Science (Physics in natural sciences) during the period of 1888-97. He also served as officiating principal of the College for the years 1897 and 1898. Gilliland had also acted as the second assistant Meteorological Reporter to the Government of India.

His health was severely impaired in 1898 and therefore he sailed for England on medical certificate on the 18th of August. He died on 14th September 1899, in Bedford, Bedfordshire, England. His loss was mourned by his superior officers and his pupils. In the Report for the year 1899—1900, the Director of Public Instruction observed: "Mr. Gilliland's work in the Department had been of an exceptionally valuable nature, and by his death Government has lost one of the most valuable members of the Education Department."

This tablet erected at the initiative of his students, created by P. Swaries & Co., S.C.T.S, is shaped in the form of an open book, and may be found on way up the staircase to the mezzanine floor (for the section of library housing books on English literature, philosophy etc.) of the Arts Library, perpendicular (left) to the bust of Babu Ram Chandra Mitra.

The inscription on the tablet reads as follows:
This tabletis erected by pupils of the lateJohn Howard Gilliland, B.A. (Cantab.)Professor of Mathematics and PhysicalScience and sometime officiating principal ofthis College,
To commemorate his kindly dispositiontowards his pupils and his eminent services tothe cause of education in Bengal.Born 28th July, 1854,Died 14th September, 1899.P. Swaries & Co., S.C.T.S.

Benoyendra Nath Sen

Benoyendranath Sen was a much-loved professor at Presidency College, one who was highly concerned about the welfare of the institution as well as society as a whole. Born on 25th September, 1868 to Babu Madhusudan Sen (associated with Gurudas Banerjee and Devendranath Tagore) and Mangala Devi (cousin of Brahmananda Keshabchandra Sen), Sen spent his childhood in Sankhibhanga, a lane behind the Calcutta University building. He was educated at Albert School, where he became the secretary of a students’ club named “The Friends’ Athenaeum” – an early space of discussions in English and for Sen’s growing oratory skills. He studied in the Albert College and passed the F.A. Examination in the First Division, and then studied for the B.A. in the General Assembly’s Institution (now Scottish Church College). He completed his B.A. degree with Honours in English and Philosphy, both first class (1888). After completing his graduation, he taught for a few months in the Normal Girls’ School (he was recommended for this post by the Principal Rev. W. Smith). Then in 1889, he completed his M.A. in History, and subsequently, in Philosophy in 1890, from Calcutta University. He was appointed to the post of principal at Baharampur Collegiate School after passing M.A. in History. Before being employed at Presidency College, Sen taught at Tej Narayan Jubilee College, Bhagalpur for two years. He was recommended for the position of professor at History at Presidency College by Sir Alfred Croft, and joined in that capacity in 1893, to be associated with the institution for the rest of his life, with only a short interruption during his officiation in the post of Inspector of Colleges.

His interactions with his students were admirable; an old pupil reminisces: “In his class lectures, he always tried to rise superior to the mere teaching of the text-books and affect us more vitally in our real life. Studying History with him became the most liberalising and the humanising of all culture … He was not a mere historian, but the truest and the best student of History … Looking upon History from this high eminence, as he did, there was no room for narrowness or sectarianism in his instructions.” He was “deeply respected for his scholarship, character and personality, he exercised a distinct moral influence on the student community of his time.” His student recalls Sen’s influence not only in class but also beyond – “in the Debating Societies, in his Geeta Classes, in the steamer excursions and in the Social gatherings which he so often organized with such enthusiasm.” He is said to have entertained students with ‘magic-box pictures which he kindly brought from the College Laboratory’, and joined them in their frolics with equal enthusiasm.

He was closely associated with the Calcutta University and engaged in the welfare of the student community, first in the capacity of Deputy Secretary, and then the Secretary of Calcutta University Institute.

Sen was closely associated with the Brahmo Samaj. A follower of Keshabchandra Sen, he was deeply involved in the activities of the association. He established and organised a Prarthana Sabha (Prayer Meeting) with inspiration from Keshab Chandra. He is well known for his social work. He opened a boarding house named ‘Fraternal Home’ on Harrison Road in 1897, and extended aid from Fraternity Home during the plague outbreak in Calcutta in 1898. He was also, for some time, Chairman of ‘Young Men and Interpretation’ and ‘Theistic Endeavour Society’. In 1905, he traveled to Europe and America as representative of the Brahmo Samaj to the International Religious Conference held at Geneva as one of the “Peace-makers’ between the East and the West. Sen also has many texts to his name – some of them being The Pilgrim, Lectures and Essays, The Intellectual Ideal, Aarati, and Geeta Adhyayan.

He died in harness after a protracted illness on April 12th, 1913. His death was deeply mourned by his students and colleagues. A memorial meeting was held in the Calcutta University Institute Hall on the second anniversary of his death, with Satyendranath Tagore as the chair.

This plaque, by Llewelyn & co., SCTS., was unveiled in 1915, and in the earlier days, was accompanied by a portrait of Sen which was placed before it. Although, unfortunately, the portrait has been removed from its place along with many others that once adorned the old library, the plaque rests near the ground floor reading table, beside the wood panel of the Faculty room, in the Arts Library. The inscription on the plaque reads:


ToBenoyendra Nath Sen, M.A,for 20 years Professorof Presidency College, Calcutta.This tablet is raisedby members of the college, his pupils andcolleagues, to keep in remembrance therespect and affection he inspired among themas scholar, teacher, friend.Born 25th September 1868,Died 12th April 1913.Llewelyn & co., SCTS.