Workshop Safety 

DON'Ts

• Do not remove protective devices and report any damage immediately.

• Do not run in the workshop.

• Do not throw things or play practical jokes with them to anybody.

• Do not operate equipment or switch on machines without permission.

• Do not keep any machine running unnecessarily.

• Do not leave crane hook hanging over machine or surrounding area after use.

• Do not direct compressed air at anybody. IT CAN KILL.

• Do not give first aid to anybody unless qualified.

DON'Ts

• Do not wear rings, watches, etc., while working.

• Do not keep sharp tools on the overall pockets.

• Do not removed protective cover or guard unless machine is stopped.

• Do not attempt to stop spindles, shafts and pulleys or wheels manually.

• Do not lean on the machine.

• Do not wash hands in the coolant tanks.

• Do not leave any lifting tackle lying in the work area.

• Do not lift heavy work pieces and equipment manually.

DON'Ts

• Do not attempt to operate a machine until you are sure that you understand it.

• Do not leave a machine while it is in operation.

• Do not attempt to change the direction or speed of a spindle while it is in motion.

• To be able to identified tools correctly

• To be able to use tools efficiently and safely

• To be able to take care and maintain tools properly

• To be able to avoid misuse of tools

Tool is an instrument for making material changes on other objects, as by cutting, shearing, striking, rubbing, grinding, squeezing, measuring, or other process. The proper use of tools makes hard jobs easy.

Tools used in an engine room workshop are to be distinguished as:

• Hand tools

• Machine tools

• Power tools

The manual instrument, usually not powered, operated by holding in the hands of the user for manual operations, such as chopping, chiseling, sawing, filing, or forging.

Complementary tools often needed as auxiliaries to shaping tools, including such implements as hammer for nailing and vise for holding are regarded as hand tools.

The instruments such as rule, divider, square, and others that facilitate accurate measurements are also called hand tools.

Power tools, which are usually hand held and motor-powered implements such as the electric drill or electric saw, perform many of the old manual operations nowadays. Therefore, they may be considered as hand tools.

Any stationary power-driven machine that is used to shape parts made of metal or other materials.

Power tools, which are usually hand held and motor-powered implements such as the electric drill or electric saw.

• Bench Vices

• Machine Vices

• Hand Vices

• Pipe Vices

• Parallel clamp (Toolmaker’s Clamp)

• C Clamp

• F Clamp

A spanner used by hand for tightening and loosening bolts, nuts, screws etc. Nowadays the terms: spanner and wrench are often considered synonymous, particularly in America however, the term: wrench is usually applied to the spanner with adjustable function.

A large variety of spanners and wrenches is made for different purposes.

• Open spanner

• Ring Spanner

• Socket spanner

• Socket head screw wrench

• Circular nut wrench

The wrench designed to turn socket head screws is called socket head screw wrench. Generally used socket head screw wrenches are Allen head wrench and Torx wrench.

• Standard screwdrivers

• Phillips Screw drivers

• Pozidriv screwdrivers

• Standard Screw driver for Slotted head screw

• Phillip Screw driver for cruciform head screw

• Pozidriv Screw driver for Pozidriv head screw

• Stubby or Chubby Screw driver

• Tringle file

• Flat File

• Knife File

• Half round file

File is a hardened steel tool used for smoothing rough surfaces, and for reducing thickness of material by removing small amounts of material from the surface of a piece of metal or other hard substances. The size of a file is determined by the length being the distance from the heel to the tip. Files are generally distinguished by the cross-section as:

• rectangular

• quadrangular or square files

• triangular files or three square file

• circular or round files

• semi-circular or half round files

• knife file

• warding files

• Thread files

Rectangular files may be further distinguished as hand file, flat file and pillar file.

Thread file is also called thread restorer. It is used to clean up and to reshape damaged threads. They are square in cross section and have eight different thread pitches on each file. A thread file is used when held or stroked against the thread while it is rotating in a lathe. A thread can be repaired with a thread file, however, even when it cannot be turned in a lathe.

Types of Scrapers 

Generally, scrapers can be distinguished by application as:

• Bearing scraper

• Flat scraper

• Three-cornered scraper

• Gasket scraper

• Hook scraper

Chisel is used for shaping materials or removing unwanted material. A chisel generally consists of three principle components as:

• Cutting edge

• Shank

• Head

Adjustable Split Die is suitable to cut new threads. The split in the die permits to adjust the size of the die by turning the set screw located on the side of the die. When the set screw is turned to widen the split, the die expands so that the first cut can be made more easily as the relatively small amount of metal is cut off. Second cut is made, after the set screw is tightened to close the split; thus, the die contracts and cut the more metal and producing the final smooth threads.

Solid Rethreading Die is to be used for rethreading damaged screws or bolts as the name implies.

Filing is the working process of removing fine shavings from material by the use of file in order to put the finishing touch on the work piece surface or to finalize fitting between mating parts. A file has many cutting edges called cut and they act like small chisels. When a file is working, several file teeth always act in the same time causing the resistant of the material against the file. To remove the material from the work piece, the resistant of the materials against the file must be overcome by pushing the file forward with the force of hand. The important factors of filing are such that

• the work surface must be as smooth as possible

• the energy exertion must be as less as possible

• the working time must be as short as possible

• The service life of the file must be as long as possible.

The choice of a particular file is dependent on the size and the shape of the surface to be worked as shown in the illustrations below.

Power tools, which are usually hand held and such as the electric drill or electric saw, perform many of old manual operations nowadays. Therefore, they may be considered as power hand tools.

• Use the proper tool for the job

• Never carry a tool by the cord or hose

• Keep cords and hoses away from heat, oil, or sharp edges

• Disconnect tools when not in use, before servicing and when changing accessories

• Keep all guards in place and make sure they are working properly

• Wear proper apparel. Loose clothing, long hair, and jewelry can become caught in moving parts

• Wear personal protective equipment, including safety glasses and hearing protection

• Make sure tools are grounded

• Use double-insulated tools when possible

• Do not use electric tools in damp or wet locations, and store the tools in a dry place

• Never yank the cord to disconnect it from the receptacle

• Use approved fire-resistant fluid rated for the most extreme temperatures to which it will be exposed

• Do not exceed the manufacturer's recommended safe operating pressures

• Do not check for leaks using your hands because fluid under pressure may puncture skin

• Always wear eye and hearing protection

• Use a safety clip or retainer to prevent attachments, such as chisels on a chipping hammer, from being unintentionally shot from the barrel

• Fasten air hoses together securely with wire or a locking device

• Store and transport fuel only in containers approved for this application

• Shut off the engine and extinguish all open flames before refueling

• When operating equipment in closed areas, be sure there is proper ventilation.

For grinding work (e.g. large work pieces, re-grinding welding pieces and castings) use hand grinders which are driven with electric and pneumatic.

The hand drill has a three jaw chuck. The chuck holds the twist drill by clamping the key. A hand can be hold a twist drill up to 13 mm in diameter. The hand drills are driven with electric motor.

Pneumatic chipping hammers are driven with compressed air or electric motor. Working examples are chamfering of work pieces, cleaning the die-castings and pressing joints.

Electrical hand-screwing machines with an adjustable torque clutch and power electronics for the turn frequency (speed) are usual screwing tools in industry and skilled crafts today. With exchangeable screwing uses, almost all screws can be processed.