Changing Mobility

Electric Vehicles History

In 1828 - Anyos Jedlik Builds the Model of Electric Car
In 1837 - Robert Davidson Builds 1st Battery Powered Car
In 1859 - Gaston Plante Invented Lead Acid Battery
In 1884 - Thomas Parker - 1st Production Electric Car
In 1897 - Electric Cabs Introduced in London
In 2008 - Tesla Launched the Roadster

The Invention of Electric vehicle is started in back 18th century but due to lack of power and energy density . Moreover other option of Internal combustion engine was having better energy and power to size ration. The IC engine win the race and It become more popular in the market worldwide.

As the days passes the Semiconductor technology become more mature and more advance the size of the micro controller / micro processor more smaller and smaller and the computational capabilities increasing exponentially in the semiconductor. This improves the control technique evolved and motor becomes more and more efficient in nature by design and by control also.

Therefore, in recent year the Electric vehicles booming in the market and taking place of IC engines. The environmental consciousness is also played a vital role in this as well we should not forget.

Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV's)

Powered solely by rechargeable batteries, BEVs emit no pollutants and are, therefore, highly environmentally friendly.

Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV's)

HEVs combine electric motors with traditional fuel-powered engines, providing fuel efficiency and reduced emissions.

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV's)

PHEVs offer the option to charge the batteries using an external electric power source, making them a perfect solution for city driving.

Advantages Electric Vehicle Technologies

🌱Sustainable: EV produce zero emission, reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emission

💰 Lower Operating Cost: Electricity is cheaper than gasoline, resulting in significant savings on fuel costs

🚗Quite and Smoother: EV's operate silently and deliver consistent power for a comfortable driving experience. Low maintenance

Challenges

💰 Higher Initial Investment: Ev's Demand more Initial Investment due to battery and motor cost

🚗 Range Anxiety: Fear of running out of battery

🚗 Charging Infrastructure: Building charging infrastructure is also a challenge for government and organization.

🚗 Battery Degradation : The gradual loss of a battery capacity and performance over time

Key Components in the EV

Battery System

It is the heart of an EV, responsible for storing and providing power.

Electric Drive System

Converts the Electrical energy stored in the battery into mechanical energy to propel the vehicle

Charging

Charging components to communicate efficiency to charge the EV batteries.

EV's Traction Motor

Explore the fascinating world of electric vehicle motor technology and discover how it is revolutionizing the transportation.

Speed and Torque Characteristics

Speed torque characteristic specially depicts the torque capabilities of the respective technology for corresponding speed. The speed torque characteristic of vehicle is shown to the left of this text.

The lower speed require higher torque and it is constant till specific base speed value. This region is called as constant torque region. Then as the vehicle crosses the base peed the torque required is reducing linear fashion. This region is named as constant power region as the product of speed and torque remains constant in this region (Speed x Torque = Power)

Electric Motor Basics

Working Principle

Converts Electrical energy into mechanical energy by utilizing the attractive and repulsive forces of magnets.

Component

Stator: generates rotating magnetic field
Rotor: rotate in response to stator magnetic field
Commutator: Excite the Stator to produce the rotating magnetic field

Efficiency: Overall, 90 % of input energy converted into useful work. (This figure changes motor to motor types)

Induction Motor

These motors are widely used in EV due to their durability, low cost, and reliable performance

Lower efficiency at Lower Speed

Permanent Magnet Motors

These motors provide high power density, excellent efficiency and precise control for EV

Higher Cost and reliance on rare earth material

Switching Reluctance Motors

These motors offer simple construction, high torque density and excellent dynamic performance.

Higher noise and vibration levels

Battery Technologies for EVs

Lithium Ion Battery (Li-Ion): Popular and widely used batteries known for their high energy density and long lifespan.
Solid-State Batteries: Next-generation batteries offering improved safety, energy density, and faster charging capabilities.
Flow Batteries: Innovative batteries with liquid electrolytes that can be recharged quickly by exchanging electrolyte solutions.

Future Outlooks and Innovations

Advancements in Battery Technology:
Advanced Efficient and low-cost Traction Motors
Autonomous Driving Integration
Machine learning integration

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