PUBLICATIONS

Patent

[PT1]. B. Balasingam, P. Pillai, and K. Pattipati, “Approach to reduce the bias of battery impedance estimates in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for improved state of health (SOH) estimation,” U.S. Provisional Patent Application, Feb. 2026. (in progress)

Journal articles

In progress/Submitted

[J21]. P. Pillai, and B. Balasingam, “Towards Sensor-Free Battery Monitoring,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2026. (in progress)

[J20]. B. Balasubramanian, P. Pillai, and B. Balasingam, “Variability Analysis of Battery Impedance Measurements,” Energy Advances, 2026. (in progress)

[J19]. P. Pillai, N. Nguyen, and B. Balasingam, “Performance Analysis of Empirical Open-Circuit Voltage Modeling of Li-ion Batteries, Part-1: Performance Measures,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 2026. (submitted)

[J18]. P. Pillai, M. Moussa, F. N. Biondi, A. Jaekel, and B. Balasingam, “Development of a Low-Cost System for Identifying Vision Disorders Using Eye-Tracking Measures,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2026. (submitted)

Published

[J17]. B. Balasubramanian, P. Pillai, A. H. Sakr, and B. Balasingam, “Quantification of Drift in Battery Impedance Spectroscopy Due to State of Charge, Current Amplitude and Rest Time,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 2026. [🔗 Link]

[J16]. B. Balasubramanian, P. Pillai, and B. Balasingam, “Experimental Data for Electrochemical Impedance Characterization Characterization of Li-ion Batteries Under Varying State of Charge, Current Amplitude and Rest Time,” Data in Brief, 2026. [🔗 Link]

[J15]. P. Pillai, , K.R. Pattipati, and B. Balasingam, “Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Rechargeable Li-ion Batteries: Novel Insights and Improvements,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2026. [🔗 Link]

[J14]. P. Pillai, S. Desai, S. Sunil, K.R. Pattipati, and B. Balasingam, “Least Squares Approach to Improve Standardized Estimation of OCV and Internal Resistance in Batteries,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 311–324, Jan. 2026.  [🔗 Link]

[J13]. S. Sunil, P. Pillai, K.R. Pattipati, and B. Balasingam, “Two-Stage Least Squares for Equivalent-Circuit Model Parameter Estimation of Li-ion Batteries Using Pulse-Relaxation Excitation,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 74, pp. 6515712, Dec. 2025. [🔗 Link]

[J12]. P. Pillai, K.R. Pattipati, S. Reaburn, and B. Balasingam, “Real-time State of Power Estimation of a Lithium-Ion Battery Using Robust OCV and Internal Resistance Estimates,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics, pp. 1–10, Mar. 2025. [🔗 Link]

[J11]. P. Pillai, K.R. Pattipati, and B. Balasingam, “A Robust Extended Kalman Filtering Approach for State of Charge Estimation in Batteries,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1154–1170, Dec. 2024.  [🔗 Link]

[J10]. S. Sundaresan, P. Pillai, K.R. Pattipati, and B. Balasingam, “Theoretical Performance Bound and Its Experimental Validation of Battery Capacity Estimates in Rechargeable Batteries,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement, vol. 73, pp. 9005814, Oct. 2024. [🔗 Link]

[J9]. P. Pillai, J. Nguyen, and B. Balasingam, “Performance Analysis of Empirical Open-Circuit Voltage Modeling in Lithium-Ion Batteries—Part 3: Experimental Results,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 7258–7274, Sep. 2024.  [🔗 Link]

[J8]. P. Pillai, B. Balasingam, A. Jaekel, and F.N. Biondi, “Comparison of Concurrent Cognitive Load Measures During n-Back Tasks,” Applied Ergonomics, vol. 117, pp. 104244, May 2024. [🔗 Link]

[J7]. P. Pillai, J. Nguyen, and B. Balasingam, “Performance Analysis of Empirical Open-Circuit Voltage Modeling in Lithium-ion Batteries, Part-2: Data Collection Procedure,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, Apr. 2024. [🔗 Link]

[J6]. F. Biondi, P. Pillai, F. Graf, B. Balasingam, “On Validating a Generic Camera-Based Blink Detection System for Cognitive Load Assessment,” Cognitive Computation and Systems, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 255–264, Oct. 2023. [🔗 Link]

[J5]. F.N. Biondi, B. Saberi, F. Graf, J. Cort, P. Pillai, and B. Balasingam, “Distracted Worker: Using pupil size and blink rate to detect cognitive load during manufacturing tasks,” Applied Ergonomics, vol. 106, pp. 103867, Jan. 2023. [🔗 Link]

[J4]. P. Pillai, S. Sundaresan, K.R. Pattipati, B. Balasingam, “Optimizing Current Profiles for Efficient Online Estimation of Battery Equivalent Circuit Model Parameters Based on Cramer–Rao Lower Bound,” Energies, vol. 15, no. 22, pp. 8441, Nov. 2022.[🔗 Link]

[J3]. P. Pillai, S. Sundaresan, P. Kumar, K.R. Pattipati, and B. Balasingam, “Open-Circuit Voltage Models for Battery Management Systems: A Review,” Energies, vol. 15, no. 18, pp. 6803, Sep. 2022. [🔗 Link]

[J2]. P. Pillai, B. Balasingam, Y. H. Kim, C. Lee, and F.N. Biondi, “Eye-gaze metrics for cognitive load detection on a driving simulator,” IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 2134–2141, Aug. 2022. [🔗 Link]

[J1]. P. Pillai, P. Ayare, B. Balasingam, K. Milne, and F.N. Biondi, “Response time and eye tracking datasets for activities demanding varying cognitive load,” Data in Brief, vol. 33, pp. 106389, Dec. 2020. [🔗 Link]

Conference proceedings

Submitted

[C21]. S. Letwin, P. Pillai, and B. Balasingam, “Theoretical Model of the State of Power of a Battery and its Experimental Validation” IEEE International Conference on Prognostics and Health Management (ICPHM), 2026. (submitted)

[C20]. M. Damdoum, P. Pillai, and B. Balasingam, “A Pulse-Derived Resistance Ratio Metric for Rapid Battery State-of-Health Assessment” IEEE International Conference on Prognostics and Health Management (ICPHM), 2026. (submitted)

Published

[C19]. P. Pillai, B. Balasubramanian, K.R. Pattipati, and B. Balasingam, “Uncertainty Quantification of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Battery State of Health Estimation,” IEEE 4th Industrial Electronics Society Annual On-Line Conference (ONCON), 2025. [🔗 Link]

[C18]. B. Balasubramanian, P. Pillai, and B. Balasingam, “Stranded Energy Management in Li-Ion Batteries During Transportation,” IEEE 4th Industrial Electronics Society Annual On-Line Conference (ONCON), 2025. [🔗 Link]

[C17]. P. Pillai, K.R. Pattipati, and B. Balasingam, “Accurate Impedance Spectroscopy of Rechargeable Li-Ion Batteries,” IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference (EPEC), 2025. Best Paper Award. [🔗 Link]

[C16]. N. Nguyen, S. Sunil, P. Pillai, and B. Balasingam, “An Offsetting-Based Correction to Improve the Accuracy of Low-Rate OCV Curves for Lithium-Ion Batteries,” IEEE 34th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), 2025. [🔗 Link]

[C15]. P. Pillai, K.R. Pattipati, and B. Balasingam, “Real-Time State of Power Estimation of a Lithium-Ion Battery Using Novel Battery Observation Model and the Recursive LS Filter,” IEEE 34th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), 2025. Best Presentation in Session, Selected as 1 of 20 students for the IEEE IES Paper Assistance Program. [🔗 Link]

[C14]. M. Mahmoodzadeh, S. Sunil, P. Pillai, F. Biondi, D.L. Strayer, J.M. Cooper, A.S. McDonnell, and B. Balasingam, “Temporal Analysis of Cognitive Workload During Manual and Partial Driving Automation Based on the Detection Response Task,” IEEE 34th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), 2025. [🔗 Link]

[C13]. P. Pillai, K.R. Pattipati, and B. Balasingam, “Closed-form Solution to Optimized CC-CV Charging of Li-ion Batteries Under Charging Time and Energy Loss Constraints,” IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM), 2024. [🔗 Link]

[C12]. F.N. Biondi, F. Graf, P. Pillai, and B. Balasingam, “On Validating a Video-Based Blink Detection System for Cognitive Load Assessment,” HFES Annual Meeting, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 255–264, Dec. 2023. [🔗 Link]

[C11]. A. Collins, P. Pillai, B. Balasingam and A. Jaekel, “Machine Learning Technique for Data Fusion and Cognitive Load Classification Using an Eye Tracker,” International Conference on Advances in Computing Research, pp. 86–95, May 2023. [🔗 Link]

[C10]. S. Sunil, S. Sundaresan, P. Pillai, and B. Balasingam, “Inverse Characterization of Open-Circuit Voltage for State-of-Charge Estimation of Batteries,” IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference, Jul. 2023. [🔗 Link]

[C9]. P. Pillai, J. Nguyen, and B. Balasingam, “Performance Comparison of Open-Circuit Voltage Modeling of Li-ion Batteries at Different C-Rates,” IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference, Jul. 2023. [🔗 Link]

[C8]. P. Pillai and B. Balasingam, “Approach for Rigorous Evaluation of a Battery Fuel Gauge,” IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference, Jan. 2023.[🔗 Link]

[C7]. P. Pillai, S. Sundaresan, K.R. Pattipati, and B. Balasingam, ”Performance Analysis of R-int Approximation in Battery Equivalent Circuit Models,” IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Annual On-Line Conference, May 2023. [🔗 Link]

[C6]. P. Pillai, S. Sundaresan, P. Kumar, K.R. Pattipati, and B. Balasingam, “Open-Circuit Voltage Models for Battery Management Systems: A Toolbox”, IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference, Jan. 2023. [🔗 Link]

[C5]. P. Pillai, B. Balasingam and F.N. Biondi, “Model-Based Estimation of MentalWorkload in Drivers Using Pupil Size Measurements,” 2023 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, Aug. 2023. [🔗 Link]

[C4]. P. Pillai, B. Balasingam and F.N. Biondi, “Using signal-to-noise ratio to explore the cognitive cost of  the detection response task,” HFES Annual Meeting [IF(2021) 3.598], vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 1090–1094, Oct. 2022. [🔗 Link]

[C3]. S. Sundaresan, P. Pillai, K.R. Pattipati, and B. Balasingam, ”Real-time Battery Capacity Estimation Based on Opportunistic Measurements,” IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Annual On-Line Conference, May 2023. [🔗 Link]

[C2]. J. Nguyen, P. Pillai, and B. Balasingam, “Fast OCV Characterization Approach for Battery Reuse Applications,” IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference, Jan. 2023. [🔗 Link] 

[C1]. P. Pillai, A. Jaekel, B. Balasingam, and F.N. Biondi, “Kalman Filtering to Track Changes in Pupil Size for Automated Driving Systems”, IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference, [IF(2021) 1.1], Dec. 2021. [🔗 Link]