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What is hypothesis?
What is hypothesis?
A statement that shows a relationship between two or more variables in testable form.
A statement or explanation that is suggested by knowledge or observation but has not, yet, been proved or disproved.
A problem cannot be scientifically solved unless it is reduced to hypothesis form.
Research hypotheses should be developed based on research questions &/or research framework.
Hypotheses should be supported by literature (e.g., previous studies, theories, etc.).
Nature of Research Hypotheses
Nature of Research Hypotheses
- Testable – verifiable or falsifiable
- Not moral or ethical questions
- Neither too specific nor too general
- A prediction of consequences
- Valuable even if proven false
Directional & Non-Directional Hypotheses
Directional & Non-Directional Hypotheses
Directional Hypothesis
Directional Hypothesis
- Direction is stated.
- Predicts the nature of the effect of IV on DV (positive or negative).
Examples:
Examples:
- Adults will correctly recall more words than children.
- Women are more motivated than men.
- The greater the stress experienced in the job, the lower the job satisfaction of employees.
Non-directional Hypothesis
Non-directional Hypothesis
- States there will be a difference, but we don’t know the direction of the differences will be.
- Predicts that IV affects DV, but the direction of the effect is not specified.
Examples:
Examples:
- The life expectancy of a bulb is more or less than 600 hours.
- There is a difference between the work ethic values of American & Asian.
- There is a significant relationship between age & job satisfaction.
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