"Filled with the Holy Spirit, Jesus returned from the Jordan and was led by the Spirit into the desert for forty days, to be tempted by the devil."
- Lk 4:1
"Filled with the Holy Spirit, Jesus returned from the Jordan and was led by the Spirit into the desert for forty days, to be tempted by the devil."
- Lk 4:1
In the Gospel of Matthew, Jesus is baptized by St. John the Baptist in the Jordan river and then “Jesus was led up by the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted by the devil” (Matthew 4:1).
Both the Gospels of Mark and Luke have a similar narrative, placing Jesus at the Jordan River immediately before his temptation in the wilderness. While Christian tradition often describes Jesus’ temptation as occurring in a “desert,” the Greek word used (eremos) primarily means a location that is isolated, uninhabited and unfit for pasture.
The Gospels never mention a specific place, but local tradition claims Jesus spent his days on a mountain near the Jordan River, currently called the “Mountain of Temptation.” It is a mountain of sheer rock and would have been difficult to ascend. It is a place where no one lives or travels through, and would have offered Jesus a solitary place completely cut off from the world around him.
There are many caves in this mountain, and in the first few centuries after Jesus’ death, Christian monks and hermits took up residence in the caves, devoting themselves to lives of solitary prayer. Eventually a monastery was built there, and over the years different monastic communities have lived on the mountain they believe was the place of Jesus’ temptation.
While it’s unknown if this location was the exact place where Jesus spent his days of fasting, it is certainly potentially the site, and Christians have held for centuries that this was the place where Jesus was led into the “wilderness.”
The isolation of this mountain reminds us to find our own “wilderness” during Lent and spend time each day away from everyone, contemplating God and his mysterious plan. For some of us this might be an actual place in the “wilderness” around us, away from the business of modern life. For others this might simply mean going to your bedroom and turning off all of your electronics, spending time in the silence and isolation.
Wherever your “wilderness” might be, let us be inspired by Jesus’ actions and take time away from the world to refresh our souls.
Source: https://aleteia.org/2019/03/05/where-did-jesus-fast-for-40-days/
Jesus was truly human, and as part of that he was truly susceptible to temptation. In Jesus Christ we do not have the sort of redeemer “who is unable to sympathize with our weaknesses, but one who in every respect has been tempted as we are, yet without sinning” (Heb 4:15). [538-540, 566]
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Filled with the Holy Spirit, Jesus returned from the Jordan and was led by the Spirit into the desert for forty days, to be tempted by the devil. He ate nothing during those days, and when they were over he was hungry. The devil said to him, “If you are the Son of God, command this stone to become bread.” Jesus answered him, “It is written, One does not live on bread alone.”
Then he took him up and showed him all the kingdoms of the world in a single instant. The devil said to him, “I shall give to you all this power and glory; for it has been handed over to me, and I may give it to whomever I wish. All this will be yours, if you worship me.” Jesus said to him in reply,
“It is written: You shall worship the Lord, your God, and him alone shall you serve.”
Then he led him to Jerusalem, made him stand on the parapet of the temple, and said to him, “If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down from here, for it is written: He will command his angels concerning you, to guard you, and: With their hands they will support you, lest you dash your foot against a stone.” Jesus said to him in reply, “It also says, You shall not put the Lord, your God, to the test.” When the devil had finished every temptation, he departed from him for a time.
He didn’t know how the world is simplified for kings. To them, all men are subjects.– The Little Prince
At some point in your life you must decide what you want to be. It is life itself that will either accompany you or drag you before the truth of yourself. In general this happens in situations in which you only have yourself to count on, situations in which you experience your radical solitude, and when you find that your typical securities and points of reference are of no help. These are moments of disorientation, of bewilderment.
These forty days of Jesus in the desert are questioning: forty years was the time Israel travelled through the desert – forty, like a lifetime nearly complete. By the time you are forty you ought to have decided what you want to be in life.
This question is not far from the one Jesus confronts in the desert: forty days to decide what he wants to be, what kind of Messiah he will be. There were many different hopes placed on the figure of the Messiah and now Jesus is pushed, forced by the Spirit to decide for himself. In a certain sense, in the Gospel of Luke, the story of the temptations in the desert are like a keynote address at the beginning of his reign.
Deciding for oneself is always a battle, a battle in which we confront contrasting desires: our personal hopes often contrast with the expectations of those around us and certain illusions are often in conflict with what reality has to tell us.
As it so often happens in life, so too Jesus finds himself alone. He is in his own desert, without points of reference, abandoned and without securities. For Israel, the desert was a place of fear, a place where their very fears were transformed in serpents, a place of hunger and thirst, a place of idolatry. And yet the desert was also the place of intimate encounter with God, a place of relationship, the place of the Covenant and the Law. All of these things happen in the desert that is our life.
We often clothe the word temptation with vulgar connotations but a closer look reveals that temptations are simply the moments in life when we show who we truly are. This is also the meaning of the verb “to tempt,” peirazo in Greek used by Luke.
Just as with Adam at the beginning of Genesis, so with Jesus: the first temptation has to do with eating, a normal daily activity, almost trivial in its normalness. In fact, the temptation itself is no extraordinary event and relates to the very course of life. It is life itself that continually brings out what we really are, asking us to decide who we want to be.
Eating is a metaphor for our relationship with the world. When we eat, we introduce into our bodies a part of the world. To eat is to enter into a relationship with what that which is outside of us. This is why the way we eat speaks to the way we live with regard to the exterior world: some devour it thinking only in themselves, others nourish themselves from it reasonably, other reject it entirely! The way in which we decide to eat the world reveals something about who we are.
Refusing to turn the stones into bread and accepting the weight of his hungry, Jesus says something about who he is. There wouldn’t have been anything wrong with it, rather it would have been reasonable after forty days of fasting, but Jesus refuses the logic privilege: his power is for serving, it is to be shared, it is not to serve himself.
The other two temptations also have to do with power. The third also makes reference to the logic of privilege, the pretext of provoking God, of testing him by exercising the power that comes to us from being his children. It is the same power that the child tries to hold over his parents through his own capricious desires. It is the privilege of those who behave in a childish way in their relationships, always trying to pressure others to get what they want like a form of blackmail.
But the key to understanding the danger of power is hidden by Luke in the central temptation: compromising with power, allying oneself with evil for the sake of good, accepting the logic of evil while telling oneself that it’s just a means to a good end. Jesus not only refuses privilege but also the logic of compromise: “All this will be yours, if you worship me.” How many times have we, even in the Church, forgotten this verse of Luke’s Gospel and prostrated ourselves before the powerful, thinking that it was the only way to be able to do good?!
Temptation follows us our entire lives and returns in the moment when we are weakest: that is the opportune moment, the passion and the cross. When we are suffering, that disquieting voice returns to our minds from our childhood: think only in yourself, think of yourself first!
That’s the way we’ve been educated. The world has brought us up to believe that the most important thing is to save oneself. This temptation returns to Jesus in his final moments of passion and cross in the form of temptations of self-sufficiency, of self-salvation: come down from the Cross if you are the Son of God, save yourself!
And once again we show who we truly are every time we have had to choose between our egoism – our thirst for power, our rightful claims, even when they’re comprehensible – and a greater good.
Questions for personal mediation:
What form to the temptations in your life often take on?
What is your relationship with privilege and power (or the desire for power)?
Source: https://catholic-link.org/what-temptations-can-tell-us-about-ourselves/
“In these turbulent, difficult and painful times, people have the possibility of doing one thing or another, many of them good,” Pope Francis said, introducing the morning liturgy of April 4 at the Casa Santa Marta. He admitted there is also the possibility some “might get the idea of doing something not so good, to take advantage of the situation, to profit personally from it.”
We pray today that the Lord might grant an upright and transparent conscience to everyone, that they might allow God to look on them without shame.
During his homily, Pope Francis explained how temptation works in us, using the doctors of the law and the high priest in the day’s Gospel as an example (John 11:45-58).
Temptation starts with small feelings of restlessness, Pope Francis explained. In the case of the high priests, the restlessness began with John the Baptizer. But since he caused no repercussions, they left him alone. But then came Jesus, whom John had pointed out.
He began to perform signs and miracles, but above all to speak to the people. And they understood, and followed Him. But Jesus did not always observe the law. This is what made them very restless.
Then the testing began. Sometimes their questions directed to Jesus left them astonished at His wisdom, as in the case of the woman who had seven husbands (cf. Matthew 22:23-34). Other times they were humiliated, as in the case of the woman caught in adultery (cf. John 8:1-11). When that didn’t work, they sent soldiers to arrest Him. Even they were captivated at what Jesus said, the Pope recalled. Some believed in Jesus, others reported Him to the authorities.
It finally gets to the point, Pope Francis said, that the chief priests have to make a decision to get rid of Jesus.
‘He’s so dangerous we have to make a decision. What should we do? This man performs many signs’ – they recognize the miracles – ‘if we let Him continue, everyone will believe in Him. It’s dangerous. They will follow Him and they will separate themselves from us’ – the people were not attached to them – ‘the Romans will come and destroy our temple and our nation’. There’s some truth here, but not the whole truth. It was a justification.
The process of temptation
Pope Francis then outlined how this process that was at work in the leaders of Jesus’ day is a “model of how temptation works in us.” It begins with a “small desire or idea.” Then it “gets stronger,” then “it begins to infect others.” In the end, “we justify ourselves.” Justification is necessary to calm ourselves interiorly, he said.
There is an antidote to the process, the Pope continued. It consists in “identifying this process within us … this process that changes our hearts, from good to bad.”
“It’s rare,” he said, “that temptations comes all at once.” The devil usually takes this path with us.
When we recognize that we are in sin… we must go and ask the Lord for forgiveness. This is the first step that we must take. Then we [should ask ourselves], ‘How did I fall into this? How did this process begin in my soul? How did it grow? Who have I infected? In the end, how did I justify myself in order to fall?’
Before concluding his homily, the Pope recalled that Jesus’ life “is always an example that what happened to Jesus will also happen to us.” His final prayer was directed to the Holy Spirit.
May the Holy Spirit enlighten us [to have] this interior awareness.
Source: https://aleteia.org/2020/04/04/pope-gives-step-by-step-of-how-the-devil-works-on-us/
“When the devil caresses you, he wants your soul.” That’s what one mother I knew said to her children whenever she caught them pilfering cookies. A bit over the top? Yes, a bit—but not entirely.
During Lent, we’re frequently encouraged to reflect on the role of temptation in our lives. Temptation is a universal experience. Indeed, when we’re tempted, we might be inclined to say, “Well, what do you expect? We’re only human!” But that’s only partly true.
Yes, as humans, we suffer from a fallen human nature, with partially darkened intellect, partially weakened will, and often disordered desires. When the inevitable temptation leads to chosen sin, we put ourselves under the authority of Satan, who as Jesus said, is the “prince of this world.” This is the fate of every fallen human who yields to temptation—without exception. Thankfully, the story doesn’t need to end there.
Yes, temptation befalls us because we are, as we like to say (especially when we’re about to make another excuse for our sins), “only human.” But Jesus the Christ, who is both Son of God and Son of Mary, offers to help us face our temptations with something so much more than what is “only human.” He offers to help us face our temptations as he did—with our human nature, and with his divine nature.
Saint Augustine reminds us that Christ “…suffered temptation in your nature, but by his own power gained victory for you. If in Christ we have been tempted, in him we overcome the devil. Do you think only of Christ’s temptations and fail to think of his victory? See yourself as tempted in him, and see yourself as victorious in him.”
Here’s what makes the Gospel truly good news! In Jesus Christ, we have a truly human man break Satan’s claim upon human nature. With his divine power he defeats sin, and then offers to share his victory with us! In other words, all that we need to overcome temptation, all that we need to transfer our citizenship to the Kingdom of Heaven, all that we need in this life to enter eternal life able to see the face of God and live—all that is freely offered to us. What shall we do with that offer?
Knowing human nature as I do (including my own!), I fear that what we often do with God’s offer of liberation from sin is to postpone our repentance. We do so because we like the way our sin tastes and feels; we do because we underestimate how offensive and deadly our sin is; and we do so because we overestimate our ability to repent in time. In other words, we procrastinate—at the peril of our souls.
We all like to quote (bemusedly of course!) Saint Augustine’s famous quip: “Oh Lord make me chaste! But not just yet!” Even as we laugh at Augustine and ourselves, we forget that he also wrote: “God has promised forgiveness to your repentance, but He has not promised tomorrow to your procrastination.” Edward Irving’s warning is even more dire: “Procrastination is the kidnapper of souls, and the recruiting-officer of Hell.” None of us knows just when death will come for each of us or when Christ will return in glory for all of us. In terms of repentance, we’re always running out of time, and it’s always very nearly too late.
Every addict who wishes to remain sober starts by admitting that he cannot resist by himself what will surely kill him. We must face our temptations similarly. The recovering addict admits his need for a higher power to attain and retain sobriety. Saint Irenaeus recognized such wisdom centuries ago: “In proportion to God’s need of nothing is man’s need for communion with God.” In other words, we cannot be who we are (creatures made in the image and likeness of God) and who we are meant to be (fully alive before the face of God eternally) unless we allow the sovereignty of God its rights over us, against the claims of Satan, who is entitled to unrepentant sinners. Following our fallen will leads to misery and damnation (James 1:12-16). Uniting our will to the divine leads to joy and glory. Those are the only choices we will ever have. Any other “choice” is an illusion, a seduction from the pit of Hell.
In this life, temptation is inevitable—surrender to sin is not. Damnation, like salvation, is a choice. Christ who endured and triumphed over temptation offers us all we need to share in his victory—from the cross, to resurrection to glory. In the time we have left, please, let’s say “Yes!”
When I write next, I will consider whether the world is heading towards consummation or to dissolution. Until then, let’s keep each other in prayer.
Source: https://aleteia.org/2017/03/22/you-can-overcome-temptation-but-only-if-you-want-to/
Written by Mauricio Artieda
If it is not already clear to everyone: the devil exists, and he is not fond of human beings. Furthermore, he is a great coward. Since he is not able to hurt God directly, he decided to hurt God through the creatures whom He loves most: us. No one should be shocked, especially Christians (his favorite prey), if I tell them that the devil is constantly attacking us and tempts us to offend our Creator.
The problem is that the devil is very astute, and we Christians are often foolish. We believe that going to Mass, praying the Rosary, and trying to life a coherent Christian life, automatically exempts us from any preoccupation for this undesirable subject. Sad to say, this is not reality. The devil redoubles his efforts when he sees consistent Christianity in our lives, he assumes new appearances, and updates his strategies. A metaphor may help: a thief wants to rob a house. While scoping out the house and formulating a plan, he discovers that a young woman lives there. Every night at the same time, her boyfriend throws pebbles at her window so that she might come out and let him in. What should the thief do to trick the young woman? If he were simply to throw rocks at the correct time he would certainly be shot by the woman’s father. He obviously needs to disguise himself as the boyfriend, copy his way of walking, and imitate his voice. I believe this is a good example for understanding how the devil and his temptations infiltrate the life of a Christian. The devil does not present us temptations in a rough way because he knows well that they would be immediately rejected. He changes plans and attempts to present them with thoughts and states of mind which appear spiritual so that little by little we deviate from our relationship with God.
What are these thoughts and states of mind that appear positive and spiritual but are actually temptations? I will avail myself of the book Discernment: Acquiring the Heart of God by Father Marko Ivan Rupnik, S. J. (which I highly recommend) in order to respond to this question. This book is grounded in the Fathers of the Church so the ideas which come from it are enriched by the tradition and wisdom of the Church.
I don’t know if others have experienced this as I have, but when I decided to truly be a Christian, one of the great spiritual changes which God helped me make was focusing less on myself and more on others. I found that there was more joy in giving than receiving and that the joy of authentic communion did not compare to the obscure glimmers of satisfaction offered by selfishness. In spiritual combat, it is here where the devil plays all his cards. It is very difficult to deceive, or lead into error, a person who has their vision and their heart directed towards God and others. It can be said that love is the “kryptonite” of evil.
More than being just the first point, we could say that this is the fundamental strategy which inspires other temptations. The devil needs us to lower our gaze and once more look only at ourselves in order to attack us effectively. This growth of a disordered self-love is a spiritual infirmity which the Fathers of the Church have called: philautia. We shall see some of the subtle ways by which the devil tries to infect our Christian lives with it.
The Christian faith is a life of relationship with Christ. A relationship which manifests itself in many ways: in what we believe, in what we desire, in what we think and in what we choose. It is a faith which informs and enriches every aspect of our lives because it is a living faith, founded in an authentic relationship with the Lord Jesus.
When the life of a Christian is nourished by a loving dialogue with Christ, the devil can do little or nothing. His strategy, therefore, consists in undermining this relationship. How does he do it? By trying to make our religious sentiment, our aspiration to sanctity, our Eucharistic piety, and our spiritual and social sensibilities to seem like a personal conquest rather than a gift to be received. The objective of the devil is to make us religious persons without God. He wants to make us believe that we are able to become better Christians, while gradually parting from the particular requirements of a friendship with Jesus.
What the devil doesn’t tell us is that nobody is able to take away faith without first stifling it and discrediting it. When a Christian begins to perceive himself as the principle author of his Christian life his faith loses all its energy and the relevance provided by the relational dynamic. It grows cold to the point that it becomes an ideology like any other. That is to say, a collection of ideas in which one believes (doctrine), which has been formed by the customs of a family or people (tradition), and which is handed down as a series of useful norms of conduct for living correctly (morality). Have you ever met a Christian who defines Christianity this way?
The consequences are obvious. When the faith becomes an ideology, it becomes boring. It opens an enormous rift between one’s life and one’s beliefs. The Incarnation, the Death, and Resurrection of Christ quickly acquire the same relevance in our lives as Neptune, Uranus, and Saturn. The devil has won. He has converted us into well indoctrinated Christians, assiduous in Catholic practices and rituals, with exemplary morals… and dead within.
It is fundamental that we pray and carry out our religious activities with love. It is not atypical, and it is not wrong that we experience satisfaction and interior peace while doing these things. We are doing what the Church invites us to do, and we are persevering! It is one thing to feel happy, let no one tell you otherwise. But, there is a danger of which I would like to warn you. It is something very subtle: it is very easy to lose direction and begin to practice our devotions without the objective of drawing closer to God and strengthening our love for Him, but rather for the spiritual pleasure which these practices give us; for what they make us feel or the personal image which we begin to construct through them.
How are we able to know if this is happening to us? Fr. Rupnik gives us an excellent piece of advice: “It is important to be attentive to the thoughts and sentiments in prayer and in those spiritual moments of great warmth and intensity(…) the enemy takes advantage of an imagination which is centered on the things of God, holy things, holy people, or in ourselves, our spiritual future, with the goal of arousing within in us convictions and thoughts which make us “sensual” participants in the spiritual life— desirous above all else for this satisfaction— or make us feel content to be on this path because it is satisfactory.” Through personal experience, I believe that that it is not difficult to realize the nature of our thoughts and sentiments once we have been made conscious of the necessity to scrutinize them. The latter is the most difficult. For this reason the Church recommends the regular examination of conscience.
Success enchants us. We are human. We want our projects to go well; we even pray for this. There is nothing wrong with that. Furthermore, God also wants our evangelical undertakings to make progress. Without exception, the devil knows very well that the human heart occasionally becomes too invested in its own projects. The fact that we strive to evangelize does not make us immune to the development of worldly attachment to our projects, attachment which makes us forget the centrality of God and his grace and makes us the protagonists, the indispensable heroes, of a particular apostolate. The devil rejoices when he succeeds at disguising philautia as apostolic zeal. For this reason it is always necessary to place our heart, and all our projects, in the hands of God, especially in the Tabernacle; speaking with confidence about each of them and allowing God to challenge us and help us to always put him in the center, even if this means— thanks be to God— suppressing our hunger to be in charge.
How beautiful! We live chastely, we go to Mass, we think like Christians, and we help little, old ladies cross the street. Let’s hold hands and make a circle, and we won’t let anyone enter our circle of diaphanous virtue… Is this a Christian attitude? Of course not! But the hard truth is that judging and belittling others for not living or thinking like us is a common practice when one is not sufficiently mature in their own spiritual life. This is another great temptation which helps the devil to introduce philautia to our souls: he makes experience the pharisaic pleasure of being God’s vigilantes; those with the power to declare who is living the faith and who is not. We could even do long vigils of reparation for the sins of others; praying and crying for a world which is falling apart, when in reality it is breaking God’s heart to see us submerged in a blind and foolish love of self.
The truth is that the vigilantes of God, with their condemnations and posturing, are a far cry from the mercy and love which God asks of us. It is important that the Christian who has fallen into this temptation identify those condemning judgments, or feelings of superiority, which have dulled his heart and place them humbly at the feet of God who was not joking when he said that prostitutes and tax collectors would enter Christ’s Kingdom before Pharisees.
Just to mention it, this temptation also sneaks into the world of ideas. It happens when our own interpretation of the faith becomes the universal norm for judging the opinions and ideas which others have about Catholic doctrine. Fr. Rupnik says, “In this way ideas are converted into idols, following this path it is possible to confuse the faith with a precise system of thought, with a specific school, even an exact method, thereby losing any real connection with Christ the Savior.” Ultimately, this produces an ideology of the faith which can go so far as to reject any opinion which is opposed to one’s own, including the voice of one’s Bishop, the voice of the Pope, or the voice of the Magisterium of the Church.
As I already mentioned, when Christians grow in their spiritual life, evil must become more refined in order to introduce its thorn into our lives. A clever way to do it, perceived, studied, and combatted by the desert fathers, is to inspire thoughts which conform to the characteristics of a person; that is to say, for those who are brave it will inspire thoughts of sacrifice and courage, for those who are devout thoughts of piety and mortification, for those who are generous thoughts of charity and the defense of the poor, etc. Fr. Rupnik says, “The enemy goes so far as to pray with those who pray, fast with those who fast, give alms with those who give alms, in order to draw attention to themselves, so as to enter a person easily and later to make them go where ever he wishes to take them.”
The devil knows us. He has our “file” and takes it into account. It is paramount that we also know it and know how to make a refined examination of conscience (Through prayer!) in order to recognize where the wheat is growing and where the weeds were planted. The ultimate criterion for discernment ought to be the plan of God in our lives. There are many good and holy things which we are able to do which are not part of what God wants for us. Prudence, rooted in the divine plan, ought always to regulate charity.
This probably surprises you. Evil is also capable of tempting us with things which we are able to easily overcome with the objective of making us feel like good, strong persons, with a decent amount of virtue in our lives. Fr Rupnik warns, “In this way you fall into the most dangerous trap: spiritual pride. It is not men who conquer the prince of darkness, but only God who triumphs. It is the Holy Spirit who gives us the strength of the Lord of Light to cast aside the darkness and overcome the lies of the tempter.” This spiritual pride goes hand in hand with the false belief that we are capable of defeating any temptation which confronts us. God and his grace are unconsciously dismissed from the panorama of spiritual combat, and the battlefield is set for the tempter to show his true face. What is terrible about this form of philautia is that the defeated Christian will try to save himself by returning to the same path which permitted him to achieve his previous level of virtue; that is to say, the path of voluntarism. Prayer might accompany his efforts but will not be at the heart of the battle because the devil has assuredly made him believe the he can do it by himself. How great a lie!
A Christian must be attentive because the next move of the devil will be to make him abandon hope in the assistance of God so that he finally despairs of God’s mercy. It is ironic but certain. A Christian abandons hope of receiving help which he never asked for and despairs of Divine Mercy when his objective was not forgiveness, but rather to recover the peace which came from feeling good and virtuous. Ultimately, through philautia, the devil disorients Christians and places them unarmed in battles with a fixed outcome: defeat.
It is essential to know that true Christian perfection is lived in the paradox of dying and rising constantly. It is expressed in a humble love which never puts itself above others nor becomes vain with achievements and abilities. There is no peace in self contemplation, but rather in the happiness of those who are at your side. It is a perfection which knows that it is profoundly and constantly in need of God’s help because it recognizes its smallness before the mystery of love to which it is called. Do not attribute your victories to yourself but rather be grateful for them because they are always gifts to be received. Faced with true Christian perfection, the devil is powerless.
Overcoming Temptations Role-Play https://www.loyolapress.com/faith-formation/activities/overcoming-temptations-role-play-lent-activity/
Overcoming Temptations of Daily Life https://www.loyolapress.com/catholic-resources/ignatian-spirituality/finding-god-in-all-things/overcoming-temptations-of-daily-life/