Tips and Tricks Analogy

Introduction

Reasoning is the easiest portion of all four sections that come in SSC/Banking/UPSC/PSC/other competitive exam. You can easily score above 40 marks in this section. You can master this topic only through practice as unlike numerical skill in reasoning section you don’t have to learn some formula and solve question by applying that formula.

Here are some Important Tricks on Analogy (Non Verbal) in Reasoning Section which will surely help you to score better in Reasoning section of every Competitive Exam.

If the relationship between one pair of words is similar to another pair of words then we say that both the pair of words is analogous to each other. In simple words, the relationship between two words must be same for other words associated with them too.

An analogy literally means ‘Drawing a comparison in order to show a similarity in some respect’. An analogy basically uses a relationship between two(or more) elements to show similar relationship among another set of elements. So, these questions aim to test overall logical understanding of the candidates and how coherently they understand the different kinds of relationships among various elements.

For Example −

Devotee: Temple and Patient: Hospital is a parallel pair of words because they have similar kind of relationship between them. As devotees go to temple; patients go to hospital.

Note −

In this section we have to analyze the relationship between two given pairs and find the relationship between other two pairs among which one is given in the question and other one will be present in the options.

ANALOGY- means correspondence or similarities between two figures. And we have to find the similarity between the two figures to get our answer.

Types of Analogy

Analogy can be categorized into following two types −

Words Analogy
Number Analogy

Word analogy again can be reclassified into following two sections −

Meaningful Words
Non- Meaningful Words

Kinds of Word Relationship

First find the relationship between the two given words and once you find that, go for finding the similar relationship word for the asked word from the given options.

Opposite

If two given pairs are opposite in meaning to each other, similar kind of relationship has to chosen for the question pair from the given options.

For Example −

Kinetic : Potential

Fat : Thin

Synonymous

The two words of the question pairs are similar in meaning and that relationship has to be found among the words given in the answer choice word pair.

For Example −

Huge : Big

Slim : Thin

Cause and Effect

Here if one word will be the cause then other will be its effect.

Fire : Death

Fasting : Starvation

Worker and Article Relationship

Here the relationship is about the maker or producer with its production.

For Example −

Writer : Novel

Artist : Painting

Worker and Tool Relationship

Relationship is among a particular class of people and the tools used by them.

For Example −

Student : Pen

DTP Operator : Computer

Tool and Object Relationship

It describes the relationship between the tool and its corresponding object.

Paint : Wall

Knife : Vegetables

Number Analogy

There will be certain relationship among the first two numbers. We have to find that and accordingly solve the question.

For Example −

Question − 4:8:: 16:

A - 21

B - 19

C - 32

D - 51

Answer − Option C

Explanation −

Here either 4 + 4 = 8 or 4 × 2 = 8. Following the similar fashion, our answers should be either 16 + 4 = 20 or 16 + 16 = 32.

As 20 is not there but 32 is there, hence it is the correct answer.

Similarly some other similar kinds of analogies are −

Whole and part analogy
Intensity relationship
Classification relationship
Functional analogy
Gender analogy
Sequential analogy
Quantity and unit analogy
Utility analogy
Symbolic analogy
Association analogy
Age analogy
Characterization analogy etc

TYPE 1 - ROTATION OF FIGURE

In this type of question we have to find similarity in the rotation of figure. Two figures are related to each other through a specific rotation of the same figure.

TYPE 2 - DISLOCATION OF FIGURE

In these types of questions we have to see how the first figure is getting dislocated or is getting combined to get our answer figure.

TYPE 3 - INTERCHANGE OF IMAGES

In these types of questions images get interchanged from one another to get the other image.

Types of Analogy:

I). Completing analogous pair. Such questions give relationship between a pair; first element of second pair is given and we have to find the second element of second pair based on similar relationship given by first pair.

For example:

1) Oasis: Sand ∷ Island: ?

a) River

b) Sea

c) Water

d) Waves

Here, first pair is ⇒ “Oasis: Sand” and second pair is “Island:?”. And, “∷” sign means first pair and second pair share similar relationship.

‘Oasis’ is a mass of water amidst ‘Sand’ similarly ‘Island’ is a mass of land amidst ‘water’. Note: It’d be Island: Sea had the first pair been Oasis: Desert. We’re given the name of thing desert is made of i.e. Sand. So, we’ll use the name of thing Sea is made of i.e. Water.

2) Annihilation: Fire ∷ Cataclysm

a) Earthquake

b) Flood

c) Emergency

d) Steam

Here, ‘Annihilation’ i.e. total destruction is the result of ‘Fire’. So, ‘Cataclysm’ i.e. the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land is the result of ‘flood’.

II). Simple Analogy. In such questions a simple statement is given where a relationship is given and we’re asked the second element for the term given in question, like the example below:

1) Sweet is to Chocolate as Book is to….?

a) Dictionary

b) Library

c) Encyclopedia

d) Atlas

Here, Chocolate can be sweet or bitter but ‘Sweet’ is the enlarged form of chocolate. Similarly, ‘Encyclopedia’ is an enlarged form of a ‘book’.

III). Choosing the analogous pair: In such questions, a pair is given in the question and we’ve to find a suitable pair from the options given that resembles the similar relationship as in the question like the examples below:

1) Borrow : Steal

a) Enter: Trespass

b) Tell: Speak

c) Ask: Beg

d) Hit: Kill

Here, for both ‘borrowing’ and ‘stealing’ we take someone else’s thing. The only difference being that the first thing we take is with the permission of another while second thing is taken without the permission of another. Similarly, among all the options, we see this option is seen in ‘Enter: Trespass’ where we ‘enter’ after taking permit while ‘trespassing’ is done without any permit whatsoever.

2) Cool: Frigid

a) Livid: Lurid

b) Pool: Placid

c) Tepid: Torrid

d) Lack: Abundant

Here, ‘Frigid’ means extremely cold. So, in Cool: Frigid, second is the extreme version of another. Let’s check the meaning of all options given:

a) Livid ⇒ Discolored beneath the skin: Lurid⇒ Ghastly pale ⇒ This doesn’t give extreme version of paleness.

b) Pool⇒ A small lake : Placid⇒ a body of water free from disturbance by heavy waves ⇒ This doesn’t give extreme version of pool.

c) Tepid⇒ Moderately warm: Torrid⇒ Extremely hot ⇒ Torrid is the extreme version of Tepid.

d) Lack: Abundant⇒ Present in great quantity ⇒ These two are opposite not extreme version.

We can see that only option c) fulfills the criteria.

IV). Multiple word analogy: These are the type of questions discussed above with the only difference being that here three elements are given in a pair instead of two and we have to select the suitable option. Like the example below:

1) Music: Guitar: Performer

a) Dance: Tune: Instrument

b) Food: Recipe: Cook

c) Patient: Medicine: Doctor

d) Trick: Rope: Acrobat.

In, Music: Guitar: Performer, ‘Performer’ plays ‘Music’ on ‘Guitar’. So, III element is playing/doing I element on II element.

From options, we can clearly see that this pattern is followed only in option d) i.e. Acrobat (An athlete who performs acts requiring skill) performs ‘Tricks’ on a ‘Rope’.

V). Number-based analogy: Till now, we saw the analogy based on words now we’ve questions based on numbers too like shown below:

1) Completing analogous pair.

25: 37 ∷ 49: ?

a) 41

b) 56

c) 60

d) 65

Here, in 25: 37 the pattern can be explained as where is the first element as 25 = 5^2 and is the second element as 36 = (5+1)2 + 1.

For 49, we know that 49 = 72 so second element = = 65 which is option d).

2) Choosing the analogous pair.

Q. 7: 24

a) 30: 100

b) 23: 72

c) 19: 58

d) 11: 43

In 7: 24, 24 = 7×3 + 3 i.e. the relationship can be shown as

Similar relationship can only be seen in option b) 23: 72 where 23×3 + 3 = 69 + 3 = 72.

3) Multiple number analogy: It’s just like multiple-word analogy:

Q. (9, 15, 21)

a) (10, 14, 21)

b) (7, 21, 28)

c) (5,10,25)

d) (4, 8, 12)

In (9, 15, 21) the pattern given is as 15 = = 15 where 9 and 21 are 1st and 3rd numbers respectively.

Similar relationship can only be seen in so option d) where 8 (second no.) = = 8

VI). Alphabet based analogy. In these types of questions, two words that are group of random letters are related to each other in some way. We’re supposed to complete the analogous pair based on that relationship:

FJUL: BOQQ∷ LHRX: ?

a) BKPR

b) MNCC

c) HRYY

d) HMNC

VII). Mixed analogy: These types of questions mixed alphabet and number like shown below:

a) 2

b) 3

c) 23/7

d) 4

Here, in, T is 20th element in the alphabet series while J is 10th soSimilarly, X is 24thelement in alphabetical series while H is 8th so So,

x/h:3

Q/A

Question 1

Direction: Select the related word/letters/ number from the given alternatives.

Nest : Bird : : Den : ?

A Owl
B Lion
C Rat
D Goat

Nest is shelter of Birds similarly, Den is shelter of Lion.

Question 2

Direction: Select the related word/letters/ number from the given alternatives.

36 : 6 : : 441 : ?

A 11
B 21
C 25
D 32

√36 = 6

Similarly,

√441 = 21

Thus 441 is related to 21.

Question 3

Direction: Select the related word/letters/ number from the given alternatives.

13 : 45 :: 17 : ?

A 41
B 57
C 31
D 73

45 = 13*3+6. So, 17*3+6=57.

Question 4

Direction: Select the related word/letters/ number from the given alternatives.

15 : 35 :: 63 : ?

A 110
B 143
C 99
D 159

15=5*3;

35=5*7;

Difference between 3 and 7 ( 7-3) = 4

63=9*7

99=9*11

Difference between 9 and 11 (11-7) = 4

Hence, option C is the right answer.

Question 5

Direction: Select the related word/letters/ number from the given alternatives.

987 : IHG : : 654 : ?

A FDE
B FED
C EFD
D DEF

Acc. to the numbered alphabet

9=I

8=H

7=G

Similarly

6=F

5=E

4=D

Hence, the answer is option 2.

Question 6

Direction: Select the related word/letters/ number from the given alternatives.

JLJH : QOQS : : FHFD : ?

A VWVS
B VWUS
C USUW
D USUV

Hence, option C is the correct response.

Question 7

Direction: Select the related word/letters/ number from the given alternatives.

Coffee : Caffeine : : Tobacco : ?

A Tanin
B Novocaine
C Alexin
D Nicotin

As coffee has a main constituent caffeine

Similarly Tobacco has its main constituent Nicotine.

Question 8

Direction: Select the related word/letters/ number from the given alternatives.

Amnesia: Memory :: Paralysis :?

A Legs
B Movement
C Limbs
D Handicapped

Whe n a patient suffers from Amnesia his memory affected similarly movement of patient is affected when he suffers from Paralysis.

Question 9

Direction: Select the related word/letters/ number from the given alternatives.

CAT : 3120 : : MAT : ?

A 1312
B 10120
C 13120
D 12120

Question 10

Direction: Select the related word/letters/ number from the given alternatives.

Elephant : Tusk :: Parrot : ?

A Quill
B Feather
C Beak
D Spine

Tusk are the teeth outside the mouth of elephant, similarly beak is a curved part of bird’s mouth. Hence ‘beak’ is related to parrot.

Parrot : Beak

Q/A

Question 1

Directions: In the following questions has four alternative responses, Select the correct response.

Which one of the following is same as Lead, Convince, Allure?

A Direct
B Order
C Initiate
D Fascinate

sol The synonym of lead, convince and allure is fascinate.

Question 2

Directions: For each of the following questions one term is missing which is shown by the question-mark. The missing term is one from the five alternatives given below in such a way that the relation between the first two terms is the same as the relation between the last two terms. Find out the missing term.

08 : 28 :: 15 : ?

A 63
B 126
C 65
D 124

sol: First term =3 power 2-1

Second term =3 cube 3+1

Third term =4 square-1

Fourth term =4 cube+1

Report

Question 3

3 : 9 :: 8 : ?

A 14
B 64
C 25
D 27

Second term= (first term) ka square

Fourth term = Third Term ka squar

Question 4

Direction: Select the related word/letters/ number from the given alternatives.

DRIVEN: EIDRVN:: BEGUMO:?

A EUBGM
B MGBEU
C BGMEU
D MGBEUO

Fifth and third letters of the first term are first and second letters of the second term and first two letters of the first term are third and fourth letters of the second term.

Question 5

Directions: For each of the following questions there is some relationship between terms to the left of:: and the same exists between the two terms to its right in each these questions the fourth term is missing term is one of the alternatives among the five term given below. Find out this term.

BDAC: FHEG:: NPMO:?

A QTRS
B RQTS
C TRQS
D RTQS

In each term third, first, fourth and second letters are in alphabetical order.

Question 6

Direction: Select the related word/letters/ number from the given alternatives.

CFIL : PSVY :: HKNQ:?

A NPSV
B LPSY
C LORU
D MOQT

Sol: There is a gap of two letters between the two consecutive letters of each term.

Question 7

Directions: For each of the following questions, there exists a certain relation between ‘the first two words. The same relation also exists in the third and fourth words. Out of these four words, one word is missing. The place of the missing word is shown by question-mark. Find out the missing word from the five words given below in each question.

Air: Atmosphere :: Water : ?

A Island
B Earth
C Ocean
D Drop

Since ‘Atmosphere’ is the biggest unit which contains ‘Air’ in the same way ‘Ocean’ is the biggest unit which contains ‘Water’.

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