passenger infotainment modes

Adapted from Sen & Sener (2020) *

These modes represent a front-seat passenger’s changing relations with the driver, the surroundings, and the infotainment system. There can be various strategies for an automotive user interface to adapt to these diverse situations where the passenger prioritizes one agent over the other (e.g., being immersed in a private bubble of entertainment, co-navigating with the driver, enjoying the scenery without being interrupted by the system notifications).

The first group of modes focuses on the relations among the passenger, the infotainment system, and the car surroundings, whereas the latter investigates the driver’s involvement in the passenger’s infotainment experience. They are developed initially for non-autonomous cars by targeting the front-seat passenger. However, in a vehicle with partial or conditional automation, the modes in the first group may also apply to the driver when he/she acts as the passenger-in-control. Similarly, the modes defined for the driver’s involvement would stay relevant until driving requires no human interaction.