Earth Science
Grade 11/12
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Origin and Structure of Earth
Origin and Structure of Earth
MELC (Most Essential Learning Competency): Describe the characteristics of Earth that are necessary to support life
An article on the characteristics of Earth that are necessary to support life
Westmaas, R. (2019, August 1). 9 Things That Make Earth the Perfect Place for Life. Discovery. Retrieved from www.discovery.com/science/Earth-Perfect-Place-for-Life
MELC: Explain that the Earth consists of four subsystems, across whose boundaries matter and energy flow
A video lecture on the 4 spheres of the Earth
MooMooMath and Science. (2018, January 6). 4 spheres of the earth [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=m4TnPv_b6WU
Earth Materials
Earth Materials
MELC: Identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties
A lesson material on properties of minerals followed by a short quiz
Egger, A. E. (2005). Properties of Minerals. Visionlearning. Retrieved from www.visionlearning.com/en/library/Earth-Science/6/Properties-of-Minerals/130/reading
MELC: Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
A lesson on igneous rocks
Earle, S. (2015). 3.4 Classification of Igneous Rocks [E-book]. In Physical Geology (Ver. 1.10). opentextbc.ca/geology/chapter/3-4-classification-of-igneous-rocks/
A video lecture on sedimentary rocks
Mike Sammartano. (2013, January 20). What is a Sedimentary Rock? [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=Etu9BWbuDlY
A lesson on metamorphic rocks
Earle, S. (2015). 7.2 Classification of Metamorphic Rocks [E-book]. In Physical Geology (Ver. 1.10). opentextbc.ca/geology/chapter/7-2-classification-of-metamorphic-rocks/
A lesson on The Rock Cycle
Earle, S. (2015). 3.1 The Rock Cycle [E-book]. In Physical Geology (Ver. 1.10). opentextbc.ca/geology/chapter/3-1-the-rock-cycle/
Earth Processes
Earth Processes
MELC: Describe how rocks undergo weathering
A virtual textbook lesson on weathering and erosion
Weathering and Erosion. Lumen Learning. Retrieved from courses.lumenlearning.com/wmopen-geology/chapter/outcome-weathering-and-erosion/
MELC: Explain why the Earth’s interior is hot
A virtual textbook lesson on the Earth's interior heat
Panchuk, K. (2019). 3.3 Earth’s Interior Heat [E-book]. In Physical Geology, First University of Saskatchewan Edition. openpress.usask.ca/physicalgeology/chapter/3-3-earths-interior-heat/
MELC: Describe where the Earth’s internal heat comes from
A lesson on Earth’s internal heat with infographics and visual materials
University of California Museum of Paleontology. (n.d.). Earth’s internal heat. Understanding Global Change. Retrieved from ugc.berkeley.edu/background-content/earths-internal-heat/
MELC: Describe what happens after magma is formed
A virtual textbook lesson on magma and magma formation followed by an exercise
Earle, S. (2015). 3.2 Magma and Magma Formation [E-book]. In Physical Geology (Ver. 1.10). opentextbc.ca/geology/chapter/3-2-magma-and-magma-formation/
MELC: Describe the changes in mineral components and texture of rocks due to changes in pressure and temperature (metamorphism)
A lesson on metamorphic rocks and metamorphism with its components
Metamorphic Rocks. (n.d.). Lumen Learning. Retrieved from courses.lumenlearning.com/wmopen-geology/chapter/outcome-metamorphic-rocks/
MELC: Describe how rocks behave under different types of stress such as compression, pulling apart, and shearing
A lesson material on Geological Stresses with illustrations, review quiz, and practice worksheet
CK-12. (2012, November 5). Geological Stresses. CK-12 Foundation. Retrieved from www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-earth-science-concepts/r6/section/6.1/
MELC: Explain how the movement of plates leads to the formation of folds and faults
A story map on Plate Tectonics, Faults, and Folding with additional resources and activities
Micander, R. (n.d.). Plate Tectonics, Faults, and Folding. ArcGIS Online. Retrieved from www.arcgis.com/apps/Cascade/index.html?appid=a19ff0ccadbe4e5e9f24090b1dbd6552
MELC: Describe how layers of rocks (stratified rocks) are formed
A lesson on how rocks are formed
Villanueva, J. C. (2009, December 3). How Are Rocks Formed? Universe Today. Retrieved from www.universetoday.com/46594/how-are-rocks-formed/
MELC: Describe the structure and evolution of ocean basins
A video lesson on the lifecycle of ocean basins
Video: Ocean Basins. (n.d.). Lumen Learning. Retrieved from courses.lumenlearning.com/geo/chapter/videos-ocean-basins/
Natural Hazards, Mitigation, and Adaptation
Natural Hazards, Mitigation, and Adaptation
MELC: Describe the various hazards that may happen in the event of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides
A discussion on the different earthquake hazards
Earthquake Hazards. (n.d.). Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology. Retrieved from www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/earthquake/earthquake-hazards
A video lecture on volcanic hazards
GeoScience Videos. (2014, October 16). What are Volcanic Hazards? [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=BCm6xTZj-vk
A video lecture on landslide hazards
USGS. (2012, June 11). Landslide Hazards [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVwSpGVfWVo
MELC: Using hazard maps, identify areas prone to hazards brought about by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides
Infographics on Geophysical Risk Maps
Mapping Philippine Vulnerability to Environmental Disasters. (n.d.). Manila Observatory. Retrieved from vm.observatory.ph/geophys_maps.html
MELC: Identify human activities that speed up or trigger landslides
A news article about the increasing rates of human-caused landslides
Landslides triggered by human activity on the rise, study shows. (2018, August 23). The University of Sheffield. Retrieved from www.sheffield.ac.uk/news/nr/landslide-study-petley-froude-1.799171
MELC: Describe how coastal processes result in coastal erosion, submersion, and saltwater intrusion
A video lecture on how coastal erosion works using a homeware wave generator
Practical Engineering. (2021, February 2). How Coastal Erosion Works [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=B08iDMXYtR8
History of the Earth
History of the Earth
MELC: Describe the different methods (relative and absolute dating) of determining the age of stratified rocks
A virtual textbook lesson on relative dating
Johnson, C., Affolter, M. D., Inkenbrandt, P., & Mosher, C. (2021, February 15). Relative Dating. Geosciences LibreTexts. Retrieved from geo.libretexts.org/@go/page/6881
A virtual textbook lesson on absolute dating
Johnson, C., Affolter, M., Inkenbrandt, P., & Mosher, C. (2021, February 15). Absolute Dating. Geosciences LibreTexts. Retrieved from geo.libretexts.org/@go/page/6882
MELC: Explain how relative and absolute dating were used to determine the subdivisions of geologic time
A lesson on dating rocks and fossils using geologic methods with vocabulary and illustrations
Peppe, D. J. & Deino, A. L. (2013). Dating Rocks and Fossils Using Geologic Methods. Nature. Retrieved from www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/dating-rocks-and-fossils-using-geologic-methods-107924044/
MELC: Describe how index fossils (a.k.a. guide fossils) are used to define and identify subdivisions of the geologic time scale
A video lecture on index fossils
Color Me Scientifically. (2020, July 31). Index Fossils [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDPcoZmSZhI
MELC: Describe the history of the Earth through geologic time
A lesson on the geologic time scale followed up with a review quiz
Geologic Time Scale. (n.d.). Lumen Learning. Retrieved from courses.lumenlearning.com/earthscience/chapter/geologic-time-scale
A virtual textbook lesson on absolute dating
Johnson, C., Affolter, M., Inkenbrandt, P., & Mosher, C. (2021, February 15). Absolute Dating. Geosciences LibreTexts. Retrieved from geo.libretexts.org/@go/page/6882
How Society Uses Earth's Materials
How Society Uses Earth's Materials
MELC: Identify the minerals important to society
A virtual textbook lesson on minerals and their importance
12.2 Minerals. (n.d.). Lumen Learning. Retrieved from courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-monroe-environmentalbiology/chapter/minerals/
MELC: Describe how ore minerals are found, mined, and processed for human use
A virtual textbook lesson on how minerals are found and mined
Desonie, D. (2019, November 21). Finding and Mining Ores. CK-12 Foundation. Retrieved from www.ck12.org/earth-science/finding-and-mining-ores/lesson/Finding-and-Mining-Ores-HS-ES/
MELC: Describe how fossil fuels are formed
A video lecture on fossil fuels
Student Energy. (2015, May 18). Fossil Fuels 101 [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=zaXBVYr9Ij0
MELC: Explain how heat from inside the Earth (geothermal) and from flowing water (hydroelectric) is tapped as a source of energy for human use
A video lecture on the uses of hydroelectric energy
Student Energy. (2015, May 8). Hydropower 101 [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=q8HmRLCgDAI
MELC: Identify the various water resources on Earth
A video lecture on Earth’s water resources
Bozeman Science. (2015, September 7). Water Resources [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=IDAj5T1ST7o
MELC: Explain how different activities affect the quality and quantity of soil
A discussion on the effects of farming on the quality and quantity of soil
Parikh, S. J., & James, B. R. (2012). Soil: The Foundation of Agriculture. Nature. Retrieved from www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/soil-the-foundation-of-agriculture-84224268/
MELC: Describe how people generate different types of waste (solid, liquid, gaseous) as they make use of various materials and resources in everyday life
A discussion on wastes
Wastes. (2018, November 19). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved from www.epa.gov/report-environment/wastes
MELC: Explain how different types of waste affect people’s health and the environment
A discussion on the impact of wastes on health and the environment, and how to prevent
Overflowing garbage bins: 5 impacts on health and environment, and how to prevent. (2016, July 8). Ecube Labs. Retrieved from www.ecubelabs.com/overflowing-garbage-bins-5-impacts-on-health-and-environment-and-how-to-prevent/
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