Chemistry
Grade 11 General Chemistry 2
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Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids
Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids
MELC (Most Essential Learning Competency): Use the kinetic molecular model to explain properties of liquids and solids
Discussion explaining the kinetic molecular theory of matter
Visualizing the properties of liquids and solids
Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter. (n.d.). Lumen Learning. Retrieved from courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/kinetic-molecular-theory-of-matter/
MELC: Describe and differentiate the types of intermolecular forces
Discussion regarding the types of intermolecular forces
Visual aids and sample questions
Intermolecular Forces. (n.d.). Lumen Learning. Retrieved from courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/intermolecular-forces/
Lab activities for better understanding
Anne Schmidt. (2020, May 2). Intermolecular Forces Activity [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=u-Y88pdJaJQ
MELC: Describe the following properties of liquids, and explain the effect of intermolecular forces on these properties: surface tension, viscosity, vapor pressure, boiling point, and molar heat of vaporization
Equations and graphs to help visualize the effect of intermolecular forces
Solids and Liquids. (n.d.). 2012 Book Archive. Retrieved from 2012books.lardbucket.org/books/beginning-chemistry/s14-solids-and-liquids.html
Lecture regarding intermolecular forces
Matthew Gerner. (2017, September 16). CHEMISTRY 101 - Effects of intermolecular forces on surface tension, viscosity, and capillary action [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=idDHc7vGW04
MELC: Explain the properties of water with its molecular structure and intermolecular forces
Discussion about the structure and properties of water
Wilkin, D., & Brainard, J. (2020, February 8). Biochemical Properties of Water - Advanced. CK-12 Foundation. Retrieved from www.ck12.org/biology/structure-and-properties-of-water/lesson/Biochemical-Properties-of-Water-Advanced-BIO-ADV/
A video on properties of water
Amoeba Sisters. (2016, July 26). Properties of Water [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=3jwAGWky98c
MELC: Describe the difference in structure of crystalline and amorphous solids
Discussion regarding crystalline and amorphous solids
Crystalline and Amorphous Solids. (2020, August 13). Chemistry LibreTexts. Retrieved from chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/6402
MELC: Interpret the phase diagram of water and carbon dioxide
Understanding what a phase diagram is
Graphs and sample questions for better understanding
Phase Diagrams. (2020, August 15). Chemistry LibreTexts. Retrieved from chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/24249
MELC: Determine and explain the heating and cooling curve of a substance
Discussion regarding heating and cooling curve
Understanding how heating and cooling curve are graphed
Heating and Cooling Curves (also called Temperature Curves). (n.d.). Lumen Learning. Retrieved from courses.lumenlearning.com/cheminter/chapter/heating-and-cooling-curves-also-called-temperature-curves/
The Organic Chemistry Tutor. (2017, November 7). Heating Curve and Cooling Curve of Water - Enthalpy of Fusion & Vaporization [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=ys2RHRiRc88
Physical Properties of Solutions
Physical Properties of Solutions
MELC: Use different ways of expressing concentration of solutions: percent by mass, mole fraction, molarity, molality, percent by volume, percent by mass, ppm
Discussion about the ways of expressing concentration
Equations and tables for better understanding
Ways of Expressing Concentration. (2021, March 20). Chemistry LibreTexts. Retrieved from chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/21787
MELC: Perform stoichiometric calculations for reactions in solution
Providing the step by step process of calculating reactions in solution
Khan Academy. (2010, May 12). Stoichiometry of a Reaction in Solution [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=EKZSwjVR594
Sample questions for better understanding
The Organic Chemistry Tutor. (2017, August 19). Solution Stoichiometry - Finding Molarity, Mass & Volume [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ab3wfKjaWWQ
MELC: Describe the effect of concentration on the colligative properties of solutions
Equations and visual aids regarding the effect of concentration on the colligative properties of solutions
Rice University. (n.d.). 11.4 Colligative Properties [E-book]. In Chemistry. opentextbc.ca/chemistry/chapter/11-4-colligative-properties/
MELC: Differentiate the colligative properties of nonelectrolyte solutions and of electrolyte solutions
Understanding what colligative properties of electrolyte solutions are
Examples to better visualize the properties
Colligative Properties of Electrolyte Solutions. (n.d.). Lumen Learning. Retrieved from courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/colligative-properties-of-electrolyte-solutions/
MELC: Calculate boiling point elevation and freezing point depression from the concentration of a solute in a solution
Discussion regarding freezing Point depression and boiling point elevation
Understanding different equations
Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation- Making Water Freeze Colder and Boil Hotter. (2018, May 21). Chemistry LibreTexts. Retrieved from chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/98095
Answering sample questions
The Organic Chemistry Tutor. (2021, April 14). Colligative Properties - Boiling Point Elevation, Freezing Point Depression & Osmotic Pressure [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8dDLe37ONg
MELC: Calculate molar mass from colligative property data
Discussion regarding how to calculate molar mass from colligative property data
CK-12. (2019, April 18). Calculating Molar Mass Using Colligative Properties. CK-12 Foundation. Retrieved from flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-chemistry-flexbook-2.0/section/16.17/primary/lesson/calculating-molar-mass-chem
MELC: Describe laboratory procedures in determining concentration of solutions
Understanding what concentration of solutions is
Discussion on the lab activities that can be performed to determine the concentration of solutions
Concentration of Solutions. (2021, March 20). Chemistry LibreTexts. Retrieved from chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/21718
Thermochemistry
Thermochemistry
MELC: Explain the first law of thermodynamics
Discussion about the laws of thermodynamics
The Three Laws of Thermodynamics. (n.d.). Lumen Learning. Retrieved from courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/the-three-laws-of-thermodynamics/
MELC: Explain enthalpy of a reaction
Understanding what enthalpy is
Usage of graphs to help understand enthalpy
Enthalpy. (n.d.). Lumen Learning. Retrieved from courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/enthalpy/
MELC: Calculate the change in enthalpy of a given reaction using Hess Law
Understanding what Hess law is
Equations
TheChemistrySolution. (2011, December 4). Hess's Law - Chemistry Tutorial [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=iETCSFit-zA
Sample problems regarding hess law
The Organic Chemistry Tutor. (2016, September 27). Hess Law Chemistry Problems - Enthalpy Change - Constant Heat of Summation [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=Idv2C8HBbug
Chemical Kinetics
Chemical Kinetics
MELC: Describe how various factors influence the rate of a reaction
Discussion regarding the factors that affect reaction rate
Factors That Affect Reaction Rates. (2020, August 16). Chemistry LibreTexts. Retrieved from chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/6423
Visual aids for better understanding
Cognito. (2019, April 8). GCSE Chemistry - Factors Affecting the Rate of Reaction #40 [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=-4HXaUBbv04
MELC: Differentiate zero, first-, and second-order reactions
Discussion regarding zero order reactions
Understanding the graphs and equations
Zero-Order Reactions. (2020, August 16). Chemistry LibreTexts. Retrieved from chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/1451
MELC: Explain reactions qualitatively in terms of molecular collisions
Discussion regarding the collision theory
The Collision Theory. (n.d.). Lumen Learning. Retrieved from courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/the-collision-theory/
Visual aids
Teacher's Pet. (2017, February 3). Collision Theory [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbGgIfHsx-I
MELC: Explain activation energy and how a catalyst affects the reaction rate
Understanding the data and graphs regarding the effect of catalyst on rate of reaction
Clark, J. (2020, August 16). The Effect of a Catalyst on Rate of Reaction. Chemistry LibreTexts. Retrieved from chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/3823
MELC: Cite and differentiate the types of catalysts
Discussion regarding the types of catalysts
Catalysis. (n.d.). Lumen Learning. Retrieved from courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/catalysis/
Visual aids and graphs for better understanding
FuseSchool - Global Education. (2014, October 9). What Are Catalysts? | Reactions | Chemistry | FuseSchool [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_9bpZep1QM
Chemical Thermodynamics
Chemical Thermodynamics
MELC: Predict the spontaneity of a process based on entropy
Discussion regarding entropy changes and spontaneity
Flowers, P., Theopold, K., & Langley, R. et al. (2021, February 7). Entropy Changes and Spontaneity. Chemistry LibreTexts. Retrieved from chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/41610
MELC: Explain the second law of thermodynamics and its significance
Discussion about the laws of thermodynamics
The Three Laws of Thermodynamics. (n.d.). Lumen Learning. Retrieved from courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/the-three-laws-of-thermodynamics/
MELC: Use Gibbs’ free energy to determine the direction of a reaction
Understanding what Gibb’s free energy is
Different equations and graphs that are used
Bozeman Science. (2014, January 14). Using Gibbs Free Energy [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=huKBuShAa1w
Sample problems to help understand how Gibb’s free energy is used
Gibbs (Free) Energy. (2021, April 25). Chemistry LibreTexts. Retrieved from chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/1951
A video lecture on Gibbs free energy
Khan Academy. (2009, September 29). Gibbs free energy example | Thermodynamics | Chemistry | Khan Academy [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=sG1ZAdYi13A
Chemical Equilibrium
Chemical Equilibrium
MELC: Explain chemical equilibrium in terms of the reaction rates of the forward and the reverse reaction
Understanding what chemical equilibrium is
Usage of graphs and equations to fully understand chemical equilibrium in terms of the reaction rates of the forward and the reverse reaction
Equilibrium. (n.d.). Lumen Learning. Retrieved from courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/equilibrium/
MELC: Calculate equilibrium constant and the pressure or concentration of reactants or products in an equilibrium mixture
Discussion regarding equations that are used in calculating equilibrium constants
Calculating Equilibrium Constants. (2021, March 20). Chemistry LibreTexts. Retrieved from chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/25171
Sample problems for better understanding
Marc Seigel. (2012, May 3). Equilibrium 2--Calculating Equilibrium [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=QsiGDZd1RF8
MELC: State the Le Chatelier’s principle and apply it qualitatively to describe the effect of changes in pressure, concentration and temperature on a system at equilibrium
Discussion regarding factors that affect chemical equilibrium
Learning how the Le Chatelier’s principle was formed
Factors that Affect Chemical Equilibrium. (n.d.). Lumen Learning. Retrieved from courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/factors-that-affect-chemical-equilibrium/
Understanding different graphs as well as equations
Khan Academy. (2009, September 5). Le Chatelier's principle | Chemical equilibrium | Chemistry | Khan Academy [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-fEvpVNTlE
Acid-Base Equilibria and Salt Equilibria
Acid-Base Equilibria and Salt Equilibria
MELC: Define Bronsted acids and bases
Discussion about bronsted acids and bases
Equations
Brønsted Concept of Acids and Bases. (2021, April 9). Chemistry LibreTexts. Retrieved from chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/1281
MELC: Discuss the acid-base property of water
Understanding acid base properties of water
Acid-Base Properties of Water. (n.d.). Lumen Learning. Retrieved from courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/acid-base-properties-of-water/
Animations to better understand
Don't Memorise. (2018, April 18). Acids and Bases and Salts - Introduction | Chemistry | Don't Memorise [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=i2x4foEuRcI
MELC: Calculate ph from the concentration of hydrogen ion or hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions
Discussion regarding how to determine and calculate PH
Determining and Calculating pH. (2020, August 16). Chemistry LibreTexts. Retrieved from chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/1292
Equations and sample questions for better understanding
The Organic Chemistry Tutor. (2017, November 28). pH, pOH, H3O+, OH-, Kw, Ka, Kb, pKa, and pKb Basic Calculations -Acids and Bases Chemistry Problems [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=OEW4-Sfyvik
MELC: Describe how a buffer solution maintains its ph
Discussion regarding what is pH, Buffers, Acids and Bases
Understanding how PH is maintained
pH, Buffers, Acids, and Bases. (n.d.). Lumen Learning. Retrieved from courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/ph-buffers-acids-and-bases/
MELC: Calculate the ph of a buffer solution using the Henderson Hasselbalch equation
Understanding what Buffer, PH and Henderson
Bozeman Science. (2014, February 22). pH and Buffers [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=rIvEvwViJGk
Hasselbalch equation are
Discussion regarding the Equations
Khan Academy. (2010, October 14). Buffers and Henderson-Hasselbalch | Chemistry | Khan Academy [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=LJmFbcaxDPE
Understanding what Buffer, PH and Henderson
Sample problems for better understanding
Chemistry with Dr. T. (2014, January 7). Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y3htAlEOFv0
Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry
MELC: Define oxidation and reduction reactions
Discussion regarding what oxidation reduction reaction is
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions. (2021, April 1). Chemistry LibreTexts. Retrieved from chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/279
MELC: Balance redox reactions using the change in oxidation number method
Discussion regarding balance redox reactions
Understanding the change in oxidation number method as well as the equations
CK-12. (2019, April 20). Balancing Redox Reactions: Oxidation Number Change Method. CK-12 Foundation. Retrieved from flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-chemistry-flexbook-2.0/section/22.9/primary/lesson/balancing-redox-reactions%253a-oxidation-number-change-method-chem
Sample problems
TheOrganic Chemistry Tutor. (2016, March 7). How To Balance Redox Reactions - General Chemistry Practice Test / Exam Review [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=YWl4KHsUxuw
MELC: Identify the reaction occurring in the different parts of the cell
Understanding what voltaic cells are
Voltaic Cells. (2021, April 4). Chemistry LibreTexts. Retrieved from chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/21792
Equations and visual aids to help understand the reaction occurring in the different parts of the cell
Tyler DeWitt. (2015, August 15). Galvanic Cells (Voltaic Cells) [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=7b34XYgADlM
MELC: Define reduction potential, oxidation potential, and cell potential
Discussion regarding standard reduction potential
Visual aids
Standard Reduction Potential. (2021, March 7). Chemistry LibreTexts. Retrieved from chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/282
MELC: Calculate the standard cell potential
Understanding how to calculate the standard cell potential
Conquer Chemistry. (2020, June 12). How to Calculate Standard Cell Potential and Voltage using E cell = E cathode - E anode Examples [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=zVfhgBCYd7Y
Sample problems
The Organic Chemistry Tutor. (2017, December 17). Cell Potential Problems - Electrochemistry [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=UzkLP8segcs
MELC: Relate the value of the cell potential to the feasibility of using the cell to generate an electric current
Discussion about cell potential
Examples of using different equations
Visual aids
Cell Potentials. (n.d.). Lumen Learning. Retrieved from courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/cell-potentials/
MELC: Describe the electrochemistry involved in some common batteries: a. Leclanche dry cell b. Button batteries c. Fuel cells d. Lead storage battery
Understanding batteries and fuel cells
Rice University. (n.d.). 17.5 Batteries and Fuel Cells – Chemistry [E-book]. In Chemistry. opentextbc.ca/chemistry/chapter/17-5-batteries-and-fuel-cells/
Visual aids to better understand how the inside of batteries look
Lead Storage Battery. (n.d.). Lumen Learning. Retrieved from courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/lead-storage-battery/
Electrochemistry- Cells and Batteries. (2020, August 13). Chemistry LibreTexts. Retrieved from chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/152184
MELC: Apply electrochemical principles to explain corrosion
Understanding electrochemical corrosion
Lower, S. (2021, March 4). Electrochemical Corrosion. Chemistry LibreTexts. Retrieved from chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/265
MELC: Explain the electrode reactions during electrolysis
Discussion about electrolysis
Electrolysis. (n.d.). Lumen Learning. Retrieved from courses.lumenlearning.com/trident-boundless-chemistry/chapter/electrolysis/
Visual aids
FuseSchool - Global Education. (2016, July 13). What Is Electrolysis | Reactions | Chemistry | FuseSchool [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=7uIIq_Ofzgw
MELC: Describe the reactions in some commercial electrolytic processes
Discussion regarding electrolysis
Electrolysis. (2021, April 15). Chemistry LibreTexts. Retrieved from chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/21798
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