Publications 

Cheng S, Ho CL, Chen SL, Huang YT,  Mao PC, Lin TC, Chen JS, Sun H, Hwang DY, Chu CH* Functional diversity of two novel embryonic microglial subpopulations and their developmental trajectories in developing mouse brains. Glia. 2025 Jul 25. doi: 10.1002/glia.70064.

 Chu CH, Su CH, Hsiao YH, Yu CC, Liao YC, Mao PC, Chen JS, Sun H* Overexpression of TIAM2S, a critical regulator for the hippocampal-medial prefrontal cortex network, impairs spatial memory. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2024 Nov 1;79(11):glae191.

Chu CH, Chen JS, Chan YL, Lu WJ, Huang YT, Mao PC, Sze CI, Sun H.* TIAM2S-positive microglia enhance inflammation and neurotoxicity through soluble ICAM-1-mediated immune priming. FASEB J. 2023 Nov;37(11):e23242.

Kuo HC, Chen SL, Chiu SC, Chu CH* Tolerized microglia protect neurons against endotoxin-induced TNF-α production via a TLR4-dependent intracellular p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Inflammation. 2023 Oct;46(5):2011-2023.

Kuo HC, Lee KF, Chen SL, Chiu SC, Lee LY, Chen WP, Chen CC, Chu CH* Neuron–Microglia Contacts Govern the PGE2 Tolerance through TLR4-Mediated de Novo Protein Synthesis. Biomedicines. 2022; 10(2):419. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10020419

Yen SY, Liu YC, Chu CH, Chen SL* Upregulation of Glutamatergic Receptors in Hippocampus and Locomotor Hyperactivity in Aged Spontaneous Hypertensive Rat Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2021 May 5. doi: 10.1007/s10571-021-01094-3

Chu CH, Chen JS, Chuang PC, Su CH, Jan YL, Yang YJ, Chisng YT, Su YY, Gean PW, Sun H.* TIAM2S as a novel key regulator for serotonin level enhances dendritic plasticity and locomotion behaviors FASEB J. 2020 Feb;34(2):3267-3288.

Gao Y, Tu D, Yang R, Chu CH, Hong JS, Gao HM* Through reducing ROS production IL-10 suppresses caspase-1-dependent IL-1β maturation thereby preventing chronic neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jan 11;21(2).

Lee PW, Wang TY, Chang YH, Lee SY, Chen SL, Wang ZC, Chen PS, Chu CH, Huang SY, Tzeng NS, Lee IH, Chen KC, Yang YK, Hong JS, Lu RB* ALDH2 Gene: Its Effects on the Neuropsychological Functions in Patients with Opioid Use Disorder Undergoing Methadone Maintenance Treatment. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2020 Feb 29;18(1):136-144.

Lu RB, Wang TY, Lee SY, Chen SL, Chang YH, See Chen P, Lin SH, Chu CH, Huang SY, Tzeng NS, Lee IH, Chin Chen K, Kuang Yang Y, Chen P, Chen SH, Hong JS* Correlation between interleukin-6 levels and methadone maintenance therapy outcomes. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019 Aug 30;204:107516.

Li CL, Chu CH, Lee HC, Chou MC, Liu CK, Chen CH, Ke LY, Chen SL* Immunoregulatory effects of very low density lipoprotein from healthy individuals and metabolic syndrome patients on glial cells. Immunobiology. 2019 Sep;224(5):632-637.

Wang TY, Lee SY, Chang YH, Chen SL, Chen PS, Chu CH, Huang SY, Tzeng NS, I Hui Lee IH, Chen KC, Yang YK, Chen SH, Hong JS, Lu RB* Correlation of cytokines, BDNF levels, and memory function in patients with opioid use disorder undergoing methadone maintenance treatment Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018 Jul 25;191:6-13.

Chen SH, Sung YF, Oyarzabal EA, Tan YM, Leonard J, Guo M, Li S, Wang Q, Chu CH, Chen SL, Lu RB, Hong JS* Physiological Concentration of Prostaglandin E2 Exerts Anti-inflammatory Effects by Inhibiting Microglial Production of Superoxide Through a Novel Pathway. Mol Neurobiol. 2018 Oct;55(10):8001-8013. 

Wang TY, Lee SY, Hu MC, Chen SL, Chang YH, Chu CH, Lin SH, Li CL, Wang LJ, Chen PS, Chen SH, Huang SY, Tzeng NS, Lee IH, Chen KC, Yang YK, Hong JS, Lu RB* More inflammation but less brain-derived neurotrophic factor in antisocial personality disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2017 Nov;85:42-48.

Chu CH, Wang S, Li CL, Chen SH, Hu CF, Chung YL, Chen SL, Wang Q, Lu RB, Gao HM, Hong JS* Neurons and astroglia govern microglial endotoxin tolerance through macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor-mediated ERK1/2 signals. Brain Behav Immun. 2016 Jul;55:260-72.

Wang S, Chu CH, Guo M, Jiang L, Nie H, Zhang W, Wilson B, Yang L, Stewart T, Hong JS, Zhang J* Identification of a specific α-synuclein peptide (α-Syn 29-40) capable of eliciting microglial superoxide production to damage dopaminergic neurons. J Neuroinflammation. 2016 Jun 21;13(1):158.  

Wang TY, Lee SY, Chen SL, Chang YH, Wang LJ, Chen PS, Chen SH, Chu CH, Huang SY, Tzeng NS, Li CL, Chung YL, Hsieh TH, Lee IH, Chen KC, Yang YK, Hong JS, Lu RB* Comparing clinical responses and the biomarkers of BDNF and cytokines between subthreshold bipolar disorder and bipolar II disorder. Sci Rep. 2016 Jun 7;6:27431.

Chu CH, Chen SH, Wang Q, Langenbach R, Li H, Zeldin D, Chen SL, Wang S, Gao H, Lu RB, Hong JS* PGE2 Inhibits IL-10 Production via EP2-Mediated β-Arrestin Signaling in Neuroinflammatory Condition. Mol Neurobiol. 2015 Aug;52(1):587-600.

Wang Q, Qian L, Chen SH, Chu CH, Jiang L, Oyarzabal E, Wilson B, Ali S, Robinson B, Rao D, Hong JS* Diphenyleneiodonium chloride at an ultra-low dose attenuates progressive dopaminergic neurodegeneration in multiple experimental models of Parkinson’s disease. Brain. 2015 May;138(Pt 5):1247-62.

Wang S, Chu CH, Stewart T, Ginghina C, Guo M, Wang Y, Nie H, Wilson B, Hong JS, Zhang J* α-Synuclein, a chemoattractant, directs microglial migration via H2O2-dependent Lyn phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Apr 14;112(15):E1926-35.

Jiang L, Wang Q, Chen SH, Chu CH, Wang SJ, Oyarzabal E, Wilson B, Sanders V, Xie K, and Hong JS* A novel role of microglial NADPH oxidase in mediating extra-synaptic function of norepinephrine in regulating brain immune homeostasis. Glia 2015 Mar 4. doi: 10.1002/glia.22801.

Lee SY, Chen SL, Chang YH, Chu CH, Chen SH, Chen PS, Huang SY, Tzeng NS, Wang LJ, Lee IH, Wang TY, Chen KC, Yang YK, Hong JS, Lu RB* A placebo-controlled trial of dextromethorphan as an adjunct in opioid-dependent patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2015 Feb 25. pii: pyv008. doi: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv008.

Chen SL, Lee SY, Chang YH, Wang TY, Chen SH, Chu CH, Chen PS, Yang YK, Hong JS, Lu RB* The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in Han Chinese heroin-dependent patients. Sci Rep. 2015 February 2. doi:10.1038/srep08148.

Hu MC, Lee SY, Wang TY, Chang YH, Chen SL, Chen SH, Chu CH, Wang CL, Lee IH, Chen PS, Yang YK, Lu RB* Interaction of DRD2TaqI, COMT, and ALDH2 genes associated with bipolar II disorder comorbid with anxiety disorders in Han Chinese in Taiwan. Metab Brain Dis. 2015 Jun;30(3):755-65.

Wang Q, Chu CH, Oyarzabal E, Jiang L, Chen SH, Wilson B, Qian L and Hong JS* Subpicomolar diphenyleneiodonium inhibits microglial NADPH oxidase with high specificity and shows great potential as a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases. Glia. 2014 Dec;62(12):2034-43.

Wang Q, Chu CH, Qian L, Chen SH, Wilson B, Oyarzabal E, Jiang L, Ali S, Robinson B, Kim HC, Hong JS* Substance P Exacerbates Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration through Neurokinin-1 Receptor-Independent Activation of Microglial NADPH Oxidase. J Neurosci. 2014 Sep 10;34(37):12490-503.

Chen SH, Oyarzabal EA, Sung YF, Chu CH, Wang Q, Chen SL, Lu RB, Hong JS* Microglial regulation of immunological and neuroprotective functions of astroglia. Glia. 2014 Aug 13. doi: 10.1002/glia.22738.

Huang CY, Kuo WW, Yeh YL, Ho TJ, Jing-Ying Lin JY, Lin DY, Chu CH, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH, Huang CY* ANG II promotes IGF-IIR expression and cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting HSF1 via JNK activation and SIRT1 degradation. Cell Death Differ. 2014 Aug;21(8):1262-74.

Chen SL, Lee SY, Chang YH, Chen SH, Chu CH, Wang TY, Chen PS, Lee IH, Yang YK, Hong JS, Lu RB* The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in Han Chinese patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2014 Jan 25;51C:99-104.

Lee SY, Chen SL, Chang YH, Chen SH, Chu CH, Huang SY, Tzeng NS, Wang CL, Wang LJ, Lee IH, Yeh TL, Lu RB, Yang YK, Lu RB* Genotype variant associated with add-on memantine in bipolar II disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2014 Feb;17(2):189-97.

Wang TY, Lee SY, Chen SL, Chang YH, Chen SH, Chu CH, Huang SY, Tzeng NS, Wang CL, Yeh PH, Lee IH, Yeh TL, Yang YK, Lu RB* The ADH1B and DRD2 gene polymorphism may modify the protective effect of the ALDH2 gene against heroin dependence. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2013 Jun 3;43:134-9.

Hu MC, Lee SY, Wang TY, Chen SL, Chang YH, Chen SH, Chu CH, Wang CL, Lee IH, Yeh TL, Yang YK, Lu RB* Association study of DRD2 and MAOA genes with subtyped alcoholism comorbid with bipolar disorder in Han Chinese. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2013 Jan 10;40:144-8.

Chen SL, Lee SY, Tao PL, Chang YH, Chen SH, Chu CH, Chen PS, Lee IH, Yeh TL, Yang YK, Hong JS, Lu RB* Dextromethorphan attenuated inflammation and combined opioid use in humans undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2012 Dec; 7(4):1025-33.

Lee SY, Chen SL, Chen SH, Chu CH, Chang YH, Lin SH, Huang SY, Tzeng NS, Kuo PH, Lee IH, Yeh TL, Yang YK, Lu RB* Interaction of the DRD3 and BDNF gene variants in subtyped bipolar disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2012 Dec 3; 39(2):382-7.

Chang CT, Chang YH, Yung-Wei Wu J, Lee SY, Chen SL, Chen SH, Chu CH, See Chen P, Hui Lee I, Lieh Yeh T, Tzeng NS, Huang SY, Yang YK, Yang HF, Lu RB* Neuropsychological functions impairment in different subtypes of bipolar disorder with or without comorbid anxiety disorders. Psychiatry Res. 2012 Dec 30;200(2-3):246-51.

Chen SL, Lee SY, Chang YH, Chen SH, Chu CH, Tzeng NS, Lee IH, Chen PS, Yeh TL, Huang SY, Yang YK, Lu RB* Inflammation in Patients with Schizophrenia: The Therapeutic Benefits of Risperidone Plus Add-On Dextromethorphan. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2012 Sep;7(3):656-64.

Lu RB, Chen SL, Lee SY, Chang YH, Chen SH, Chu CH, Tzeng NS, Lee IH, Chen PS, Yeh TL, Huang SY, Yang YK, Hong JS* Neuroprotective and neurogenesis agent for treating bipolar II disorder: Add-on memantine to mood stabilizer works. Med Hypotheses. 2012 Aug;79(2):280-3.

Lee SY, Chen SL, Chang YH, Chu CH, Huang SY, Tzeng NS, Wang CL, Lin SH, Lee IH, Yeh TL, Yang YK, Lu RB* The ALDH2 and 5-HT2A genes interacted in bipolar-I but not bipolar-II disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2012 Aug 7;38(2):247-51.

Wang TY, Lee SY, Chen SL, Chang YH, Chen SH, Chu CH, Huang SY, Tzeng NS, Wang CL, Lee IH, Yeh TL, Yang YK, Lu RB* Interaction between Serotonin Transporter and Serotonin Receptor 1 B genes polymorphisms may be associated with antisocial alcoholism. Behav Brain Funct. 2012 May 2;8(1):18.

Huang CC, Chang YH, Lee SY, Chen SL, Chen SH, Chu CH, Huang SY, Tzeng NS, Lee IH, Yeh TL, Yang YK, Lu RB* The interaction between BDNF and DRD2 in Bipolar II disorder but not in bipolar i disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2012 Jul;159(5):501-7.

Chang YH, Chen SL, Lee SY, Hsu YW, Wu JY, Chen SH, Chu CH, Lee IH, Yeh TL, Tzeng NS, Huang SY, Yang YK, Lu RB* Neuropsychological functions in bipolar disorders I and II with and without comorbid alcohol dependence. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2012 Jun 1;37(2):211-6.

Lee SY, Chen SL, Chang YH, Chen SH, Chu CH, Huang SY, Tzeng NS, Wang CL, Lee IH, Yeh TL, Yang YK, Lu RB* The DRD2/ANKK1 gene is associated with response to add-on dextromethorphan treatment in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 2012 May;138(3):295-300.

Chen SL, Tao PL, Chu CH, Chen SH, Wu HE, Tseng LF, Hong JS, Lu RB* Low-dose memantine attenuated morphine addictive behavior through its anti-inflammation and neurotrophic effects in rats. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2012 Jun;7(2):444-53.

Lu YA, Lee SY, Chen SL, Chen SH, Chu CH, Tzeng NS, Huang SY, Kuo PH, Wang CL, Lee IH, Yeh TL, Yang YK, Lu RB* Gene-temperament interactions might distinguish between bipolar I and bipolar II disorders: a cross-sectional survey of Han Chinese in Taiwan. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012 Mar;73(3):339-45.

Wang Q, Zhou H, Gao H, Chen SH, Chu CH, Wilson B, Hong JS* Naloxone inhibits immune cell function by suppressing superoxide production through a direct interaction with gp91phox subunit of NADPH oxidase. J Neuroinflammation. 2012 Feb 16;9:32.

Chang YH, Chen SL, Chen SH, Chu CH, Lee SY, Yang HF, Tzeng NS, Lee IH, Chen PS, Yeh TL, Huang SY, Chou KR, Yang YK, Ko HC, Lu RB, Angst J* Low anxiety disorder comorbidity rate in bipolar disorders in Han Chinese in Taiwan. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2012 Jan 10;36(1):194-7.

Chen SH, Wu HM, Ossola B, Schendzielorz N, Wilson BC, Chu CH, Chen SL, Wang Q, Zhang D, Qian L, Li X, Hong JS, Lu RB* Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, protects dopaminergic neurons from neurotoxin-induced damage. Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Jan;165(2):494-505.

Chu CH, Lo JF, Hu WS, Lu RB, Chang MH, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH, Weng YS, Tzang BS, Huang CY* Histone acetylation is essential for ANG-II-induced IGF-IIR gene expression in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells and pathologically hypertensive rat heart. J Cell Physiol. 2012 Jan;227(1):259-68.

Wang TY, Lee SY, Chen SL, Chen SH, Chu CH, Huang SY, Tzeng NS, Chang YH, Wang CL, Lee IH, Yeh TL, Yang YK, Lu RB* The aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene is associated with heroin dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012 Jan 1;120(1-3):220-4.

Liu ME, Chang YH, Ku YC, Lee SY, Huang CC, Chen SL, Chen SH, Chu CH, Liu WC, Lu RB* Executive functions in elderly men. Age (Dordr). 2012 Feb;34(1):59-66.

Wu HI, Chang YH, Lai CC, Wu JY, Chen SL, Chu CH, Lee IH, Yeh TL, Tzeng NS, Huang SY, Yang YK, Lu RB* The effect of comorbid anxiety disorder on neuropsychological function in bipolar II disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2011 Dec 1;35(8):1841-5.

Lu RB, Lee JF, Huang SY, Lee SY, Chang YH, Kuo PH, Chen SL, Chen SH, Chu CH, Lin WW, Wu PL, Ko HC* Interaction between ALDH2*1*1 and DRD2/ANKK1 TaqI A1A1 genes may be associated with antisocial personality disorder not co-morbid with alcoholism. Addict Biol. 2010 Nov 11. doi: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00268.x.

Lee SY, Chen SL, Chang YH, Chen SH, Chu CH, Huang SY, Tzeng NS, Wang CL, Lee IH, Yeh TL, Yang YK, Lu RB* The ALDH2 and DRD2/ANKK1 genes interacted in bipolar II but not bipolar I disorder. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2010 Aug;20(8):500-6.

Kung CH, Lee SY, Chang YH, Wu YW, Chen SL, Chen SH, Chu CH, Lee IH, Yeh TL, Yang YK, Lu RB* Poorer sustained attention in bipolar I than bipolar II disorder Ann Gen Psychiatry 2010 Feb;9:8-15.

Chen RJ, Wu HC, Chang MH, Lai CH, Tien YC, Hwang JM, Kuo WH, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH, Chen LM, Huang CY, Chu CH* Leu27IGF2 plays an opposite role to IGF1 to induce H9c2 cardiomyoblast cell apoptosis via Galphaq signaling. J Mol Endocrinol. 2009 Dec;43(6):221-30.

Liu CJ, Lo JF, Kuo CH, Chu CH, Chen LM, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH, Tzang BS, Kuo WW, Huang CY* Akt mediates 17beta-estradiol and/or estrogen receptor-alpha inhibition of LPS-induced tumor necresis factor-alpha expression and myocardial cell apoptosis by suppressing the JNK1/2-NFkappaB pathway. J Cell Mol Med. 2009 Sep;13(9B):3655-67.

Chu CH, Tzang BS, Chen LM, Liu CJ, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH, Lin JA, Kuo WW, Bau DT, Yao CH, Huang CY* Activation of insulin-like growth factor II receptor induces mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis through G(alpha)q and downstream calcineurin signaling in myocardial cells. Endocrinology. 2009 Jun;150(6):2723-31.

Cheng YC, Kuo WW, Wu HC, Lai TY, Wu CH, Hwang JM, Wang WH, Tsai FJ, Yang JJ, Huang CY, Chu CH* ZAK induces MMP-2 activity via JNK/p38 signals and reduces MMP-9 activity by increasing TIMP-1/2 expression in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. Mol Cell Biochem. 2009 May;325(1-2):69-77.

Chu CH, Huang CY, Lu MC, Lin JA, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH, Chu CY, Kuo WH, Chen LM, Chen LY* Enhancement of AG1024-induced H9c2 cardiomyoblast cell apoptosis via the interaction of IGF2R with Galpha proteins and its downstream PKA and PLC-beta modulators by IGF-II. Chin J Physiol. 2009 Feb 28;52(1):31-7.

Chang MH, Kuo WW, Chen RJ, Lu MC, Tsai FJ, Kuo WH, Chen LY, Wu WJ, Huang CY, Chu CH* IGF-II/mannose 6-phosphate receptor activation induces metalloproteinase-9 matrix activity and increases plasminogen activator expression in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. J Mol Endocrinol. 2008 Aug;41(2):65-74.

Liu CJ, Cheng YC, Lee KW, Hsu HH, Chu CH, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH, Chu CY, Liu JY, Kuo WW, Huang CY* Lipopolysaccharide induces cellular hypertrophy through calcineurin/NFAT-3 signaling pathway in H9c2 myocardiac cells. Mol Cell Biochem. 2008 Jun;313(1-2):167-78.

Chu CH, Tzang BS, Chen LM, Kuo CH, Cheng YC, Chen LY, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH, Kuo WW, Huang CY* IGF-II/mannose-6-phosphate receptor signaling induced cell hypertrophy and atrial natriuretic peptide/BNP expression via Galphaq interaction and protein kinase C-alpha/CaMKII activation in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. J Endocrinol. 2008 May;197(2):381-90.

Hsu HH, Cheng SF, Chen LM, Liu JY, Chu CH, Weng YJ, Li ZY, Lin CS, Lee SD, Kuo WW, Huang CY* Over-expressed estrogen receptor-alpha up-regulates hTNF-alpha gene expression and down-regulates beta-catenin signaling activity to induce the apoptosis and inhibit proliferation of LoVo colon cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem. 2006 Sep; 289(1-2):101-9.

Lee SD, Chu CH, Huang EJ, Lu MC, Liu JY, Liu CJ, Hsu HH, Lin JA, Kuo WW, Huang CY* Roles of insulin-like growth factor II in cardiomyoblast apoptosis and in hypertensive rat heart with abdominal aorta ligation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006, Aug;291(2):E306-14.

Kuo WW, Liu CJ, Chen LM, Wu CH, Chu CH, Liu JY, Lu MC, Lin JA, Lee SD, Huang CY* Cardiomyoblast apoptosis induced by insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I resistance is IGF-II dependent and synergistically enhanced by angiotensin II. Apoptosis. 2006, Jul;11(7):1075-89.

Hsu HH, Cheng SF, Wu CC, Chu CH, Weng YJ, Lin CS, Lee SD, Wu HC, Huang CY, Kuo WW* Apoptotic effects of over-expressed estrogen receptor-beta on LoVo colon cancer cell is mediated by p53 signalings in a ligand-dependent manner. 2006, Apr;49(2):110-6.

Wu HC, Lin JG, Chu CH, Chang YH, Chang CG, Hsieh CL, Tsai AH, Ueng KC, Kuo WW, Lin JA, Liu JY, Huang CY* The effects of acupuncture on cardiac muscle cells and blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rats. Acupunct Electrother Res. 2004;29(1-2):83-95.