How population varies between places
Physical and human factors affecting population distribution at the global scale
Global patterns and classification of economic development:
• low-income countries
• middle-income countries and emerging economies
• high-income countries
Population distribution and economic development at the national scale, including voluntary internal migration, core-periphery patterns and megacity growth
• Two detailed and contrasting examples of uneven population distribution
Synthesis, evaluation and skills opportunities
The relative importance of different influences on where people live and spatial interactions between places at varying scales
Processes of population change and their effect on people and places
Population change and demographic transition over time, including natural increase, fertility rate, life expectancy, population structure and dependency ratios
• Detailed examples of two or more contrasting countries
The consequences of megacity growth for individuals and societies
• One case study of a contemporary megacity experiencing rapid growth
The causes and consequences of forced migration and internal displacement
• Detailed examples of two or more forced movements, to include environmental and political push factors, and consequences for people and places
Synthesis, evaluation and skills opportunities
How the impacts of population change and spatial interactions between places can be categorized and represented graphically
Population possibilities and power over the decision-making process
Global and regional/continental trends in family size, sex ratios, and ageing/greying
Policies associated with managing population change, focusing on:
• policies related to ageing societies
• pro-natalist or anti-natalist policies
• gender equality policies and anti-trafficking policies
The demographic dividend and the ways in which population could be considered a resource when contemplating possible futures
• One case study of a country benefiting from a demographic dividend
Synthesis, evaluation and skills opportunities
How population change may affect the power balance between groups of people at local, national and international scales