For the first millennium of Christianity, all were Orthodox. In the Christian West, worship tended to reflect the culture and traditions of the Latin expression of the Roman empire, as well as those of the local regions to which the Church had come. And so therefore, there were the Mozarabic, Celtic, Ambrosian, and Gallican liturgies in addition to that of Rome: the Gregorian. Furthermore, among the religious orders of the Roman patriarchate, the Carthusians, Cistercians, Premonstratensians, Carmelites, Dominicans, and Gilbertines all had their own specific traditional rites. It is popular, but fundamentally erroneous, to describe this liturgy as the "Tridentine" mass, for very much of the text pre-dates the Roman council of Trent by several centuries. While the Tridentine council contributed a numerous innovations and approved the additions and accretions of the foregoing thousand years, it must be said that the central texts of the rite date from the late sixth century. As early as AD 747, in fact, the Orthodox local synod of Cloveshoo decreed that "the Roman Rite of Saint Gregory the Great shall be the sole proper rite for English-speaking Christians."
Following the defection of the Roman patriarchate in the 11th century, the Western rite was absent from Orthodoxy until the late 19th Century, when the Russian Synod responded to the 1869 petition of the Rev. Dr. John Joseph Overbeck and others, and restored the Western Rite for the use of Western converts to Holy Orthodoxy in the Russian jurisdiction. The Latin text of the newly restored rite (substantially that same Gregorian rite mentioned above, with several corrrections and emendations to ensure the proper articulation of Orthodoxy in public worship), with an English translation, was first published in 1871. [See Liturgia Missae Orthodoxo-Catholicae Occidentalis, Halle,1871, and also Catholic Orthodoxy and Anglo-Catholicism, London 1866.] Later, in 1888, a Western rite faith community in Ceylon was erected by the Syrian Orthodox Antiochene Patriarchate, and it was this church that enabled the establishment of the Orthodox-Catholic Church of America.