Muhammad Jamil
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Changes in Earth Environment and its effect on our life.
The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, known collectively as air, retained by Earth's gravity
The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, known collectively as air, retained by Earth's gravity
that surrounds the planet and forms its planetary …
that surrounds the planet and forms its planetary …
The air in Earth's atmosphere is made up of approximately 78 percent nitrogen and 21 percent oxygen.
Air also has small amounts of other gases, too, such as carbon dioxide, neon, and hydrogen.
Why is the atmosphere important?
It contains the oxygen we need to live, but it also protects us from harmful ultraviolet solar radiation.
It creates the pressure without which liquid water couldn't exist on our planet's surface.
And it warms our planet and keeps temperatures habitable for our living Earth.
Troposphere.
The troposphere is the lowest layer of our atmosphere.
Starting at ground level, it extends upward to about 10 km (6.2 miles or about 33,000 feet) above sea level.
We humans live in the troposphere, and nearly all weather occurs in this lowest layer.
Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are a set of gases that accumulate in the lower layer of the atmosphere,
the troposphere, and
absorb infrared radiation, which contributes to increasing the average temperature of the
Earth's surface .
Greenhouse gases occur naturally and are essential to the survival of humans and millions of
Greenhouse gases occur naturally and are essential to the survival of humans and millions of
other living things, by keeping some of the sun’s warmth from reflecting back into space and
other living things, by keeping some of the sun’s warmth from reflecting back into space and
making Earth livable.
making Earth livable.
But after more than a century and a half of industrialization, deforestation, and large-scale agriculture,
But after more than a century and a half of industrialization, deforestation, and large-scale agriculture,
quantities of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have risen to record levels not seen in three million years.
quantities of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have risen to record levels not seen in three million years.
As populations, economies and standards of living grow, so does the cumulative level of
As populations, economies and standards of living grow, so does the cumulative level of
greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions.
greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions.
There are some basic well-established scientific links:
There are some basic well-established scientific links:
Human activity since the Industrial Revolution, mainly extracting and burning fossil fuels
Human activity since the Industrial Revolution, mainly extracting and burning fossil fuels
In 2019,
In 2019,
since 1750.
since 1750.
These CO2 levels are higher than they have been at any time during the last 2 million years.
These CO2 levels are higher than they have been at any time during the last 2 million years.
These gases capture heat and increase earth temperature.
How will climate change affect us?
How will climate change affect us?
The impacts of climate change on different sectors of society are interrelated.
The impacts of climate change on different sectors of society are interrelated.
Extreme weather experiences occur.
Sun heat expands oceans, melting icebergs and glaciers.
It increases evaporation of water as water vapours increase sea levels.
This phenomena results in abnormal heavy rains .
which destroys infrastructure and kills people and other living beings.
Sea level rises floods in coastal areas make them unlivable.
Wind storms brings hurricanes which destroy houses and takes life
3.3 Billion people have been affected by this phenomenon world wide .
Trillions of dollars of infrastructure has been destroyed.
Hot days evaporate all the water in the earth .
And bring Drought which harms food production and human health.
Flooding can lead to disease spread and damages to ecosystems
Human health issues can increase mortality due to skin,heart,lungs, kidney,stomach,head & mental health diseases, and impact food availability.
And limit worker productivity.
Earthquakes occur .-In Pakistan it killed 80000 people-all the roads were destroyed. Animal transport and chinook helicopters were used to help supply food and medicine.Population is still displaced after 17 years.
Volcanoes erupt.
High temperatures decrease production of wheat,rice,corn,cotton as these crops need a specific climate atmosphere to give grains
What is the solution to climate change?
What is the solution to climate change?
Renewable energies like solar, wind, biomass and geothermal.
Producing clean energy is essential.
Reducing our consumption of energy and water.
By using more efficient devices e.g. LED light bulbs ,Hybrid vehicles.
Innovative shower systems are less costly and equally important.
Water reservoirs below the surface are like the karez system.
In which the water travels below the surface .
So that loss of water due to evaporation is minimal.
Develop better technology for fossil fuels.
Invest in renewable energy.
Switch to sustainable transport.
Help us keep our homes cosy.
Improve farming and encourage vegan diets.
Restore nature to absorb more carbon.Plant more forest .
Protect forests like the Amazon.
Invest in R & D to develop better seeds, food grains,trees ,eco-friendly products, services,medicines,clothes fibres,animal species, fish ,ocean plants and vegetation water storage ,food preservation.
How is Pakistan affected by climate change?
ISLAMABAD, November 10, 2022—This year's heatwave and devastating floods are a reminder that climate change-induced disasters can significantly set back Pakistan's development ambitions and its ability to reduce poverty. These disasters have caused more than 1,700 deaths and displaced more than 8 million people.
Which countries will benefit most from climate change?
Which countries will benefit most from climate change?
Average temperatures in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland are expected to increase more than
Average temperatures in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland are expected to increase more than
the global average over the ensuing decades (as much as 3 to 5 degrees Celsius by 2080).
the global average over the ensuing decades (as much as 3 to 5 degrees Celsius by 2080).
While that will necessitate some adaptation, on the whole, the region should benefit.
While that will necessitate some adaptation, on the whole, the region should benefit.
What are climate change opportunities?
What are climate change opportunities?
Climate-related opportunities relate to efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change,
such as resource efficiencies and cost savings, the adoption of low-emission energy sources,
the development of new products and services, access to new markets, and
building resilience along the supply chain.
What are the economic benefits of climate change?
There will be more opportunity in clean energy, resilient and green buildings, and energy efficiency.
Hybrid and electric vehicle production and the electric public transit sector are expected to grow.
Construction of green infrastructure and more resilient coastal infrastructure could create many new jobs.
Climate change and opportunity
The good news is that climate change also presents business opportunities.
The Carbon Disclosure Project reported that 225 of the world’s 500 biggest companies
believe climate change could generate over $2.1 trillion in new business prospects.
World Community Efforts:
The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
The UN family is at the forefront of the effort to save our planet. In 1992,
The UN family is at the forefront of the effort to save our planet. In 1992,
Today, it has near-universal membership. The 197 countries that have ratified the Convention
Today, it has near-universal membership. The 197 countries that have ratified the Convention
are Parties to the Convention. The ultimate aim of the Convention is to prevent “dangerous”
are Parties to the Convention. The ultimate aim of the Convention is to prevent “dangerous”
human interference with the climate system.
human interference with the climate system.
finding that limiting global warming to 1.5°C would require rapid, far-reaching and
finding that limiting global warming to 1.5°C would require rapid, far-reaching and
unprecedented changes in all aspects of society. With clear benefits to people .
unprecedented changes in all aspects of society. With clear benefits to people .
The report finds that limiting global warming to 1.5°C would require “rapid and far-reaching”
The report finds that limiting global warming to 1.5°C would require “rapid and far-reaching”
transitions in land, energy, industry, buildings, transport, and cities.
transitions in land, energy, industry, buildings, transport, and cities.
Global net human-caused emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) would need to fall by
Global net human-caused emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) would need to fall by
about 45 percent from 2010 levels by 2030, reaching ‘net zero’ around 2050.
about 45 percent from 2010 levels by 2030, reaching ‘net zero’ around 2050.
This means that any remaining emissions would need to be balanced by removing CO2 from the air.
This means that any remaining emissions would need to be balanced by removing CO2 from the air.
The Adaptation Fund (AF) was established in 2001 to finance concrete adaptation projects and programmes in developing country Parties to the Kyoto Protocol that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, and has committed US$ 330 million in 51 countries since 2010 to improve resilience to the adverse effects of climate change. It focuses on developing countries that are signatories of the Kyoto Protocol and are vulnerable to climate change.
More than a decade ago, the world's rich, industrialised countries — including the United States, Canada, Australia, Britain and Japan — committed to giving $100 billion a year by 2020 (and through 2025) to poor nations for climate adaptation and mitigation projects.
The Nobel prize :
Al Gore and the IPCC "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about
Al Gore and the IPCC "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about
man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to
man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to
counteract such change."
counteract such change."
KNOWLEDGE SOURCES:
WIKIPEDIA
UN-PUBLICATIONS
THE GUARDIAN
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES REPORT
YOUTUBE
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