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handheld torch to a high temperature and a small piece of the concentrate is ‘dabbed’ onto a nail • Vapor released is then inhaled through the pipe Edibles • Increasingly popular alternative to smoking marijuana • Produced to infuse marijuana into various ingestible forms • Problem is that effects are hard to predict and difficult to know dose • Bud • Dank • Nug • Loud • Fire • Gas Other Terms for Cannabis Bars (Ladders) Another name for the rectangular shaped Xanax (antianxiety medication) with three lines in them (typically 2mg per ‘bar’). • The term “barred out” means being highly sedated due to Xanax consumption. • School bus (yellow ‘bar’) • Hulks, green monsters (green) Addies Slang term for ADHD medication Adderall. It is a mixture of amphetamine salts. • Commonly prescribed for ADHD • Occasionally abused by students seeking a competitive advantage in their studies • Replaced Ritalin as ADHD med • Vyvanse • Prescription strength cough syrup mixed with sprite (promethazine and codeine are active ingredients) • Danger arises in high doses because both are depressants increasing overdose risk • Several popular members of hip hop community have died from respiratory depression due to ingestion Lean (sizzurp/purple drank) • Powerful synthetic opioid pain medication used to manage chronic pain • More powerful than heroin • Increase in illegal fentanyl shipped from China • Often added to heroin or pressed into pills • More overdose deaths Fentanyl Acetyl Fentanyl • October 2015: 72 overdoses in 74 hours in Chicago from Acetyl Fentanyl • 100x more powerful than heroin Carfentanil • “Elephant Tranquilizer” • 10,000x more potent than morphine W-18 • “Super Heroin” • 100x more potent than Fentanyl Hookah • Instrument used to smoke flavored tobacco (often ornate in appearance) • Smoke is passed through a water basin before inhalation • Exposure to toxic chemicals not filtered by water • Research has shown 70 fold increase in nicotine and other toxin levels after one evening of hookah use (source: 2014 American Association for Cancer Research) Dextromethorphan (DXM) • Similarly, DXM is a common cough suppressant in cold medicines. • Robitussin, NyQuil, Dimetapp, Coricidin, TheraFlu • When abused in higher doses, it produces dissociation, distorted bodily perceptions, and loss of sense of time • The University of Michigan has an ongoing research project called Monitoring the Future that has followed adolescent substance abuse trends since 1975. • The project anonymously surveys 8th, 10th, and 12th grade students across the nation including annual followup surveys for a number of years after graduation. • Each year over 45,000 students from approximately 400 schools across the county are surveyed. Monitoring the Future Source: www.monitoringthefuture.org What is this research telling us? • Teenagers' use of drugs, alcohol and tobacco declined in 2016 (lowest since the 1990s). • Use of several particularly dangerous illicit drugs—including MDMA (ecstasy, molly), heroin, amphetamines and synthetic marijuana—also showed a decline this year (and since 2011). • Evidence of a spike in heroin use in recent years, covered in many recent media reports, seems to be driven mainly by people of older ages and not adolescents. • Marijuana use remained level from 2015 to 2016 among 12th graders. After rising for several years, the annual prevalence of marijuana has more or less leveled out since about 2010. Source: www.monitoringthefuture.org • "The proportion of our young people smoking marijuana frequently remains a matter of concern," Professor Lloyd Johnston (study’s principal investigator) said. • He notes that the percent of students who see regular marijuana use as carrying a great risk of harm has declined substantially since about 2005, and is still declining. Over the past 10 years, the percent seeing a great risk in regular marijuana use has fallen among 8th graders from 74 percent to 58 percent, among 10th graders from 66 percent to 43 percent and among 12th graders from 58 percent to 32 percent. Source: www.monitoringthefuture.org Marijuana is the biggest concern among teens based on trends Source: www.monitoringthefuture.org Marijuana and Perceived Risk • "Perceived risk is usually a deterrent to use and it is clear that this deterrent has weakened considerably," Johnston said. "In sum, there is a lot of good news in this year's results, but the problems of teen substance use and abuse are still far from going away. • "We see a cyclical pattern in the more than 40 years of observations we have made with this study. When things are much improved is when the country is most likely to take its eye off the issue of drug abuse, as happened in the early 1990s, and fail to deter the incoming generation of young
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