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cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/survivalrates.html 6. 7. https://cancerstatisticscenter.cancer.org/ References American Cancer Society. Facts & Figures 2020. American Cancer Society. Atlanta, Ga. 2020. American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures for African Americans 2019-2021. Atlanta, Ga: American Cancer Society; 2019. DeSantis CE, Miller KD, Sauer AG, Jemal A, Siegel RL. Cancer statistics for African Americans, 2019. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 2019; 69:211-233. Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Miller D, Brest A, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z, Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2016, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, https://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2016/, based on November 2018 SEER data 8 American Cancer Society cancer.org | 1.800.227.2345 submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2019. SEER Cancer Stat Facts: Lung and bronchus cancer. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/lungb.html. Accessed on May 15, 2019. Last Medical Review: October 1, 2019 Last Revised: January 8, 2020 What’s New in Lung Cancer Research? Research into the prevention, early detection, and treatment of lung cancer is being done in many medical centers worldwide. Prevention Tobacco Prevention offers the greatest opportunity to fight lung cancer. Decades have passed since the link between smoking and lung cancers became clear, but smoking is still responsible for most lung cancer deaths. Research is continuing on: Ways to help people quit smoking1 and stay tobacco-free through counseling, nicotine replacement, and other medicines ● ● Ways to convince young people to never start smoking Inherited differences in genes that may make some people much more likely to get lung cancer if they smoke or are exposed to someone else’s smoke (secondhand smoke) ● Environmental causes Researchers also continue to look into some of the other causes of lung cancer, such as exposure to radon2 and diesel exhaust3 . Finding new ways to limit these exposures could possibly save many more lives. 9 American Cancer Society cancer.org | 1.800.227.2345 Diet, nutrition, and medicines Researchers are looking for ways to use vitamins or medicines to prevent lung cancer in people at high risk, but so far none have been shown to clearly reduce risk. Some studies have suggested that a diet high in fruits and vegetables may offer some protection, but more research is needed to confirm this. While any protective effect of fruits and vegetables on lung cancer risk is likely to be much smaller than the increased risk from smoking, following the American Cancer Society dietary recommendations4 (such as staying at a healthy weight and eating a diet high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains) may still be helpful. Early detection As mentioned in Can Lung Cancer Be Found Early?5 , screening with spiral CT scans in people at high risk of lung cancer (due to smoking history) lowers the risk of death from lung cancer, when compared to chest x-rays. Another approach now being studied uses newer, sensitive tests to look for cancer cells in sputum samples. Researchers have found several changes often seen in the DNA of lung cancer cells. Studies are looking at tests that can spot these DNA changes to see if they can find lung cancers at an earlier stage. Diagnosis Fluorescence bronchoscopy Also known as autofluorescence bronchoscopy, this technique might help doctors find some lung cancers earlier, when they are likely to be easier to treat. For this test, the doctor inserts a bronchoscope through the mouth or nose and into the lungs. The end of the bronchoscope has a special fluorescent light on it, instead of a normal (white) light. The fluorescent light causes abnormal areas in the airways to show up in a different color than healthy parts of the airway. Some of these areas might not be visible under white light, so the color difference can help doctors find these areas sooner. Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy Lung tumors near the center of the chest can be biopsied during bronchoscopy, but 10 American Cancer Society cancer.org | 1.800.227.2345 bronchoscopes have trouble reaching
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