To build a standard for novel rating system, the author refers to the exiting rating rules in several relative fields, such as films, television programs, music and video games. The U.S., Canada, The U.K., France and some Asian countries like Japan, Korea and Singapore already have their own rating systems. There are some authoritative organizations take charge for rating in U.S. It is worth to mention that the U.S. association has published numerous detail description for their rating system, which becomes the main reference for the rating principle in this study.
Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) builds a film rating system used in the United States and its territories to rate a film's suitability for certain audiences based on its content. Today, many theaters in U.S only play movies rated by MPAA.
The TV parental guidelines are a television content rating system in response to public concerns about increasingly explicit sexual content, graphic violence and strong profanity in television programs.
The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) is a trade organization that represents the recording industry in the United States, it also runs a process to control the quality of the record contents.
The Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) is an American self-regulatory organization that assigns age and content ratings to consumer video games in response to criticism of controversial video games with excessively violent or sexual content.