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The lower dural ring
The lower dural ring
fibrous band of dura, surrounds the cavernous segment of ICA
Located at junction of the CS & petrous temporal bone
formed by fusion of periosteal dura w/ ant. clinoid process, optic strut & tuberculum sellae
incomplete posteriorly, where it is pierced by abducens nerve
The lower dural ring forms a barrier/connects b/w the ICA & oculomotor nerve
Gruber's ligament
Gruber's ligament
fibrous band - extends from petrous apex to pos.
forms sup. boundary of Dorello's canal (small opening CN VI)
דימום היפרטנסיבי ב-midbrain
דימום היפרטנסיבי ב-midbrain
הדימום נוצר מבחינה היסטולוגית בשל דיסקציות בכלי דם עורקיים קטנים.
Distal Dural Ring
Distal Dural Ring
Separates extradural/intradural ICA
Located at junction of cavernous (C4), clinoid (C5) & ophthalmic seg. (C6) of ICA
Forms continuity of lat. wall of CS (outer layer).
Connects the CN2 sheath to the carotid.
Proximal Dural Ring
Proximal Dural Ring
Dural fold that is in continuity of lat. wall of CS (inner layer)
Located b/w inf. aspect ACP, optic strut & ICA ant.
Marks transition of ICA - cavernous (C4) → clinoid (C5) seg.
Connects CN3 to the carotid.
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