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KRT costs were reported per session, week, or month, we calculated annual costs using techniques similar to those in previously published studies. We also compared the average cost of maintenance HD with that of maintenance PD using an estimated cost ratio. If the ratio of the two means was greater than 1 (HD/PD>1), the PD cost was less than the HD cost, and vice versa (Figure 2.2). 2.4 Survey ISN Global Kidney Health Atlas | 2019 Methods | 35 2.4.1 Development and validation The GKHA project was a multinational, crosssectional survey conducted by the ISN to assess current capacity for KRT around the world. Through our international contacts, collaborators, ISN leaders, and regional boards, we identified project leaders at the regional and national levels, including national nephrology association leaders and opinion leaders. Duties for regional project leaders included: ® To organize and follow up on responses for all countries within the region; ® To serve as a liaison between the steering committee, ISN, and regional stakeholders; ® To provide access to additional data sources and contacts for surveys; ® To identify or serve as an opinion leader on the project for the region; and ® To identify or serve as a resource person to vet and review regional data. Duties for national project leaders included: ® To organize and follow up on responses within the country; ® To serve as a liaison between the steering committee, ISN, and national stakeholders; ® To provide access to additional data sources and contacts for surveys; ® To identify or serve as an opinion leader on the project for the country; and ® To identify or serve as a resource person to vet and review data for the country. The GKHA questionnaire, which was designed to collect information about national capacities and responses to NCD prevention and control, was based on a framework informed by a number of documents, including WHO UHC: Supporting Country Needs, the ISN AKI “0 by 25” initiative, WHO NCD Surveys (2000, 2005, 2010, 2013), the World Heart Federation “25 by 25” initiative, the International Diabetes Federation Global Diabetes Atlas, the WHO Global Atlas on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Lancet commissions in other chronic disease domains, as well as multiple UN policy documents on strategies and policy for NCDs.69-72 The initial survey questions were further developed through a series of reviews with relevant experts, the ISN Executive Committee, and regional leadership. The questionnaire was peer reviewed for content validity and comprehensiveness before it was piloted with the 10 ISN regional boards to identify any logistical and feasibility issues (e.g., translation needs).
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