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THE WEB
THE WEB
"The web," or the World Wide Web, is a global system of interconnected, public web pages and resources that are accessed via the Internet. It is a specific information system built on top of the Internet's network infrastructure, enabling users to share and access information through hyperlinks, web browsers like Chrome and Firefox, and hypertext markup language (HTML). Developed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989, the web uses Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to transmit data and allows for easy access to documents, images, and other media.
Key Components
Key Components
Internet: The underlying physical network of computers that the web uses to transmit data.
World Wide Web (WWW): The information system that uses the internet to connect web pages and resources through hyperlinks.
Hypertext: The technology that allows users to click on links (hyperlinks) to access related information in other documents.
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): The standard language used to create and structure web pages and their content.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): The set of rules used by web servers and browsers to transfer web pages and other files.
Web Browsers: Software programs, such as Chrome, Firefox, and Safari, that allow users to request, display, and interact with web pages.
Servers: Computers that store web pages and other resources and transmit them to clients (web browsers) when requested.
ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT
ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT
The Invention
Who: Sir Tim Berners-Lee, a British computer scientist, invented the World Wide Web.
When: He proposed the idea in 1989, and a working system was in place by the end of 1990.
Where: Berners-Lee developed the Web while working at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, in Switzerland.
Why: The goal was to solve the problem of scientists having difficulty sharing and accessing information across different computers and networks at CERN and other institutions.
THE INTERNET
THE INTERNET
The Internet is a vast network—sometimes referred to as a “network of networks”—that connects computers all over the world. Through the Internet, people can share information and communicate from anywhere with an Internet connection. The Internet can be used for almost any purpose that depends on information. The internet's infrastructure consists of private, public, academic, and government networks linked by physical infrastructure like fiber optic cables, as well as wireless technologies.
Key uses and services:
Key uses and services:
Information Access: Accessing documents, news, and vast libraries of information through the World Wide Web.
Communication: Sending instant messages, emails, and engaging in video calls.
Entertainment: Streaming media like music and videos, and playing online games.
Commerce: Online shopping and business transactions.
Learning: Accessing educational resources and online courses.
How it works:
How it works:
Interconnected Networks: The internet is a system where countless individual networks (private, public, academic, government) are all linked together.
Communication Protocols: The TCP/IP suite of rules allows these different networks and devices to "talk" to each other and exchange data.
Data Transmission: Information travels across the internet as "bits" through physical infrastructure like copper, fiber optic cables, and even wirelessly, relying on radio waves and other technologies.
Request/Response: When you visit a website, your computer sends a request across these networks to a server, which retrieves the website and sends the relevant data back to your computer.
Historical Context:
Historical Context:
Origins: The internet's roots trace back to research in the 1960s on packet switching and the design of computer networks.
Development: The U.S. Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) commissioned the development of the communication protocols (TCP/IP) in the 1970s, collaborating with universities and researchers.
Public Access: While the foundation was laid earlier, the internet became widely known and accessible to the public in the early 1990s.
ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT
ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT
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