To conduct the study, the researchers displayed video projections of chickens in free-range environments. Scenes showed indoor facilities with access to an outdoor fenced scratch area and unfenced open prairie with grasses, shrubs and flowers. A group of 34 hens from commercial poultry flocks was exposed to the videos over five days on all four walls of their housing. The videos were tested during a high-risk period for stress -- 15 weeks after hatching, a stage when commercial layer hens are regularly moved from pullet to egg-laying facilities.

The visual-only recordings showed diverse groups of free-range chickens performing activities associated with positive poultry behaviors based on time of day, such as preening, perching, dust-bathing and nesting. Videos were not shown to a control group of the same size and age in the same type of housing.


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After the treatment period, the researchers analyzed blood and tissues from the chickens, as well as samples of their intestinal microbiota. Chickens in the treatment group showed several beneficial changes compared to the control group. The differences included lower indicators of stress and an increased resistance to Avian Pathogenic E. coli bacteria that can cause sepsis and death in young birds.

Austin Stewart is an assistant professor of design at Iowa State University with a simple idea: maybe we should help chickens play second life. Through virtual reality goggles. Before we kill and eat them.

The idea, called Second Livestock, has gone viral since getting picked up in the Ames Tribune (Iowa State's local paper) and then Fast Company, and it may seem silly, but as with most wacky-seeming ideas, there's a more sophisticated argument being made here than you might expect. I called up Stewart Friday to walk me through the case for developing virtual reality-enabled, massively multiplayer online games for chickens. Here's his case.

Stewart envisions Second Livestock as purely a social experience between chickens rather than as a game involving AI bots pretending to be chickens. "Maybe the farmer could disguise himself as a chicken to check on his flock, but there would be no non-player characters," he says. "They'd be real chickens, because the facilities are all networked together, and they'd be in the same virtual world, and they'd have microphones."

The most obvious cost of free range farming, from the farmer's perspective, is that it requires more land per chicken than raising them in cages very close to one another. Second Livestock would enable farmers to raise the chickens closer together while still providing the mental experience of living on an open field.

But there are also benefits to the chicken relative to free range farming, Stewart says. He got the initial germ of the idea for Second Livestock from a talk by Michael Mercil, chair of the department of art at Ohio State (where Stewart went to grad school), in which Mercil emphasized that free range living can be rather dangerous and stressful for chickens. "There's research suggesting that free range chickens show all the signs of having a stressful life," Stewart says. "They have more broken bones, they get broken legs, etc., whereas birds raised in little boxes don't have those indicators of stress. And who's to say which is better?"

Second Livestock allows farms to avoid that stress, both for the chickens' sake and because the risk of physical injury or death that comes with free range farming isn't present. The latter factor could make Second Livestock-raised chickens cheaper than free range ones. "You don't have the loss you do when you farm free range chickens," Stewart explains. "You'd be harvesting a significantly higher number of chickens."

When describing the actual map of Second Livestock (developed using the game engine Unity by Stewart and an Iowa State student of his, Ryan Wade), Stewart gets fairly utopian. "There's water sources and little bugs that crawl around, that are mapped to where the food and water trays are [in the cage], so they can bend and actually drink water and eat food," he explains. "Those things are the ideal of chicken life, and there are no predators, obviously. So they're free to just worry about chicken business."

But would chickens actually, you know, like that? It's hard to say. While Stewart has created an exhibition wherein one can put on an Oculus Rift and see the world of Second Livestock, he has yet to test it on real chickens. That'd require approval from various ethics committees at his university, and Stewart is a designer, rather than an animal technologist. "I don't feel comfortable strapping a headset on a chicken and seeing what happens," he says. And he's open to the idea that, if tested, it might just not work. "Will animals actually accept a virtual world as readily as we do, or is there some level of intelligence or imagination that needs to happen where we can suspend disbelief more readily than a chicken can?" he asks. "I don't know."

Cook the chicken skin-side down for 30 minutes, then turn skin-side up. Continue cooking until the meat registers an internal temperature of 160-165F in the thickest part of the breast, 170-175F in the thigh with an instant-read thermometer. This may take an additional 15-30 minutes of cooking.

The photo below shows the finished product. It had a beautiful mahogany color and looked very appetizing. The chicken was moist and tender, as expected, and had a light, smoky flavor with just a little heat from the rub and sauce. As for the skin, it had some nice charring in spots, the fat was well-rendered, and it was tender enough to bite through and enjoy.

Ontario broiler chicken (meat chicken) farmers Barry and Donna are involved in the CFO Cares Program, run by Chicken Farmers of Ontario. Annually, that Farmers to Food Banks program donates over one million fresh chicken meals to community food banks across the province. The chicken donated by this farm family goes to food banks in their community. Donna also talks about conversations she has with consumers in her local grocery store!

Watch the virtual animation of the step-by-step process of a hen producing an egg. Students will learn the parts of an egg as it is developed. This is an excellent way for students to gain a greater understanding of egg science.

The 1,500-square-foot restaurant features a full-service bar, ample seating, a hickory aroma and several TVs so that fans can catch their favorite game. The Wing Boss menu delivers smoked and crispy bone-in or boneless wings with a choice of 12 signature sauces and rubs, as well as chicken tenders, salad, a variety of sides and desserts and more.

The franchise-corporate team decided on Nashville hot chicken, which is popular, and it complemented the menu that has its flag planted in seafood, he said, attracting customers that may have shied away from the fish-based offerings.

Chickens are highly receptive to visual stimuli. Like their T-rex ancestors, chickens have poor depth perception and recognize objects better when they are moving than stationary. According to the study, this means that environmental factors, such as color, light quality, duration and intensity all affect the feeding behaviors of poultry.

Besides fried chicken sandwiches, it offers salads such as green goddess fried chicken, fried chicken Caesar salad and taco fried chicken salad along with chicken tenders, cauliflower bites and crispy waffle fries with dips.

Interested in raising backyard chickens? Looking to expand your current backyard operation? Enroll in the OSU Extension Backyard Chickens online course to learn best practices for raising and caring for backyard poultry. This self-paced, interactive course includes information on poultry nutrition, health issues, biosecurity practices, egg sales and more.

In this video you will learn all about the #1 industry in Virginia - the broiler industry. First we will visit Restoration Acres, a pastured poultry operation. Then we will learn about the broiler industry from Dr. Mike Persia. Then we will learn about Shenandoah Valley Organics which works with family farmers to produce organic and humane certified chicken. Finally, we will learn how to make a whole chicken in a crockpot and cook bone broth.

With the same large pan heat up 2 Tbs of the oil and saute the lemongrass, peppers and eggplant for about 5- 8 minutes. Add bok choy, stir fry another 2 minutes till wilted. Add curry paste, coconut milk, chicken stock, a few splashes of fish sauce ( 1Tbs or so) and sugar. simmer few minutes then add chicken back into the pan with peas and fresh basil. Bring to a light simmer for 10 minutes. Serve over rice or quinoa.

View showing the south side of the chicken house. The structure was built into the hillside and topped with a sod roof, both acting as insulation for Mr. Jones' chickens. Even in the heaviest rain, the chicken house remained dry and the chickens kept warm. Ventilation is also important for egg productions, so Mr. Jones provided the chickens with two skylights through the sod! Today they are covered over for safety, but originally the skylights could be opened for ventilation. This was the cadillac of chicken houses.

The chicken house is built of native limestone with an arched stone roof covered with sod, opening above to let in light. The chickens would roost in the sod covered house by night, then visit the building to the west to feed during the day. This area was their "scratch shed" or pen where the chickens "scratched" in the dirt for their feed. This exercise promotes healthy chickens and yields better egg production. The lavish poultry house provided the essential requirements to keep hens healthy for maximum egg production and safe from hawks, owls, skunks, and cats. A coop this size could easily accommodate 20 to 35 fowl.

From the hatchery where meat (or broiler) chickens are hatched, to barns on local farms where chickens are raised under the watchful eye of farmers, to processing, distribution, and ultimately your local market or restaurant, chicken makes quite the journey to your table. ff782bc1db

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