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Rifles of the 20th century have undergone significant evolution, starting with slide-bolt models such as the legendary Karabiner 98 and the Mosin Rifle, which were widely used in the World Wars. In the middle of the century, self-loading rifles appeared, such as the American M1 Garand, which became the first mass-produced self-loading rifle in the army. Rifles of the 20th century have become more compact, automatic and adapted for close combat. The development of technology led to the emergence of sniper rifles, such as the Soviet SVD, which provided high accuracy at long distances. At the end of the century, modular systems such as the American M4 Carbine appeared, allowing weapons to be adapted for different tasks. Materials have become lighter and stronger, and ergonomics have improved for the convenience of soldiers. Rifles of the 20th century also began to be equipped with optical sights, laser designators and tactical flashlights. They have played a key role in most of the century's conflicts, from world wars to local clashes.
Before 20 century:
Mosin-Nagant M1891
Mosin-Nagant M1891
Russian magazine rifle, created by the designer and Major General Sergei Ivanovich Mosin and adopted by the Russian Imperial Army in 1891. It is also known by other names: trilineika, Mosin–Nagant, "Mosinka". It was widely used in the period from 1892 to the end of the 1950s. It was modernized many times during this period. Despite its obsolescence, it is still used in modern conflicts (Chechnya, Syria, Ukraine).
1930-s:
Karabiner 98k
Karabiner 98k
German magazine rifle (in German sources: Karabiner 98k, Kar98k or K98k), officially adopted in 1935. It was the main and most widespread small arms of the Wehrmacht during the Second World War. Structurally, it is a shortened and slightly modified modification of the Mauser 98 rifle. It was discontinued after the fall of the Third Reich in 1945.
1940-s:
Lee-Enfield No. 4
Lee-Enfield No. 4
British magazine rifle, an upgraded version of the SMLE (Short Magazine Lee-Enfield), adopted in 1941. It was used by British troops in the Second World War, as well as after it (including the Korean War). Some countries, such as Canada or India, produced their own versions. It was later replaced by the L1A1 (FN FAL) in the 1950s and 60s, but remained in service with the reserve and police until the 1990s.
SKs (Simonov self-loading carbine)
SKs (Simonov self-loading carbine)
Soviet self-loading carbine designed by Sergei Simonov, adopted in 1949. For a decade, the SCS was in service with the army. By the end of the 50s, the Soviet Army decided to replace carbines with machine guns in rifle units. Nevertheless, until the early 90s, the SCS was in service with the air defense forces, as well as a number of engineering, military engineering, and support units. He is still in service with the guards of the VOHR.
1960-s:
SVD (Dragunov Sniper Rifle)
SVD (Dragunov Sniper Rifle)
Soviet self-loading sniper rifle, developed in 1957-1963 by a group of designers led by Evgeny Dragunov, and adopted by the Soviet Army on July 3, 1963, as the main sniper weapon of motorized rifle detachments, along with the PSO-1 optical sight. It was the main sniper rifle of the Soviet troops in Afghanistan, actively participated in the Chechen wars. It is used in Syria, Ukraine, African countries. It is still in service with the Russian army and 30+ countries.
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