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Mosin-Nagant M1891
The Mosin-Nagant M1891 (officially known as the "1891 three—line rifle") - Russian magazine rifle, designed by Sergei Mosin and adopted in 1891. It became the main rifle of the Russian Empire, and then the USSR, and was used in various modifications for more than 60 years. The rifle has a caliber of 7.62×54 mm R, which is still used in modern sniper rifles and machine guns. The mosinka is equipped with a longitudinally sliding bolt and a 5-round magazine, which is loaded with clips or one round each. The rifle is characterized by high reliability, simplicity of design and accuracy, which made it an effective weapon in various conditions. The main modifications include infantry, dragoon, Cossack rifles, as well as a carbine model of 1938 and 1944. The Mosin rifle was actively used in the Russo-Japanese War, the First World War, the Russian Civil War and Second World War. Sniper version of the Mosin rifle, equipped with optical aim. It became one of the most famous sniper weapons of the Second World War. After the war, the rifle was supplied to the countries of the socialist camp and participated in numerous conflicts around the world. It is a popular collectible and hunting weapon.
Photo of the constructor:
Main Features:
Caliber: 7.62×54 mm R (three-line cartridge).
Barrel length: 800 mm (depending on the modification).
Total length: 1300 mm (for infantry version).
Weight: 4 kg (without cartridges and bayonet).
Magazine capacity: 5 rounds.
Aiming range: up to 2000 meters (the real effective range is 400-600 meters).
Type of charging: manual, using a clip.
Other features:
Reliability: The Mosin rifle is renowned for its simplicity and reliability. It can operate in the harshest conditions, including frost, dirt and humidity.
Precision: Due to the long barrel and powerful cartridge, the rifle provides high accuracy of shooting.
Bayonet: The rifle was equipped with a four-sided bayonet, which was often used in close combat. The bayonet could be attached to the barrel, which increased the length of the weapon.
Modifications: There were several modifications of the rifle, including infantry, dragoon, Cossack and carbine. It was also used to create the famous sniper version with an optical sight.
Cartridge: The 7.62×54 mm R cartridge is still used in modern machine guns and sniper rifles, which indicates its power and effectiveness.
Produced: about 37 million.
Advantages:
Simplicity of construction and maintenance.
High reliability in all conditions.
Powerful cartridge with good ballistics.
Disadvantages:
Heavy weight and length, which made it difficult to use in cramped conditions (for example, in trenches).
Slow recharge compared to more modern models.
Interesting facts:
The 7.62 mm caliber corresponds to 3 lines (1 line = 2.54 mm) – hence the popular nickname.
In 1891, Captain Sergei Mosin modified his rifle, defeating the Belgian Leon Nagant model in tests.
In 1932, a modification with a PU sight appeared – one of the most popular sniper rifles of the Second World War.
Officially decommissioned in the 1960s, but was used:
Viet Cong (as a trophy).
The Afghan Mujahideen.
Even in the conflicts of the 21st century (Syria, Ukraine).
In 2017, a Canadian Army sniper set a record for a 3,540 m kill (with an upgraded Mosin rifle).
Photo:
Russian infantry with Mosin rifles on the march, 1917
Soviet soldiers take up a firing position after crossing a river near Voronezh, 1942
Author: Semyon Fridlyand
Soldiers of the 120mm mortar firing platoon of the 913th Infantry Regiment pose with a Mosin rifle, 1945
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