Spiritual Transformation


Coming from a middle-American Christian background, one of the things that struck me as I learned more about ancient philosophy and Eastern schools of thought was the notion of one’s religion or philosophy being about a practice rather than merely a set of beliefs. In conservative Christianity as it is commonly promoted, the emphasis is on what you believe. This, and not ‘works’, is what was seen to determine your damnation or salvation.


Even my later conversion to secular humanism would not get me out of this belief-centered mentality. The Humanist Manifesto describes humanism as a “worldview” and a “lifestance”1. It lists a group of (excellent) principles; the assent to which is generally taken as sufficient to count one’s self as a Humanist.2 Today it seems almost the entirety of humanity assumes that being a member of any particular religion or other group is merely a matter of proclaiming the right combination of opinions.


Yet philosophy, as practiced in ancient Greece for example, was often more than an academic pursuit, or a set of positions. The philosopher engaged in a lifestyle and set of practices designed to cultivate the flourishing life – and that was almost entirely centered on the development of inner character in specific, guided ways. Thus, they tended to live a life that more resembled a Buddhist monk than an academic.


And, indeed, Buddhism is similarly not so much about what you believe as what you do. It too is a practice by which we cultivate ourselves and in so doing, achieve enlightenment and release from suffering3. There are many other examples of contemplative practice-centered traditions one can find.


Enlightenment is a Process

For the naturalist, enlightenment is not a single moment of omniscience. Rather, it is a spectrum on which we all move, hopefully in a continual process of development and transformation. So, in asking what enlightenment is, the more appropriate question may be to ask what spiritual transformation is.


Simply put, spiritual transformation is the result of a successful spiritual practice. A ‘practice’, as opposed to a ‘faith’, ‘belief’, or a ‘lifestance’ – is a way of living whereby we engage in various regular activities and thinking habits designed to change ourselves in specific helpful directions. That is, to be more capable of experiencing True Happiness. This is a long-term project in which we expect to see progress over time. For this reason, it is referred to as a ‘path’ or a ‘walk’.


Such a practice will show itself in how we spend our time, where we go, what we do, and who we do it with. If one were to log one’s activities, they should show a change. This is the kind of mindset required to get us out of the old habit of thinking our opinions are what make us a Spiritual Naturalist or a spiritual person.



Empty Theater

Many naturalists and secular people have come back from events where ritual or other practices took place, and reported the experience as empty, or as merely going through the motions. This may happen when an atheist attends a Unitarian Universalist service, or when a Humanist tries out meditation, or when a group of Freethinkers feel uncomfortable singing odes to reason at a group celebration – even if they agree with the lyrics and had no problem being fully immersed, jumping up and down, at a rock concert a few nights prior.4


This disconnect happens when we lack awareness of the philosophical foundations of practice. We don’t fully understand what we are doing, and why we are doing it. In fact, even many people who enthusiastically embrace various practices do not have a full grasp on how all of these ‘spiritual things’ fit together in a whole system. How does meditation relate to our value system? What role does religious/peak/profound experience play in a spiritual practice and why? How does awe/wonder fit in to our knowledge of nature? And how does all of that relate to ritual? Without some kind of general picture of one’s practice as a complete system of self-development, all rituals and practices may continue to feel like empty theater.


There are other possible reasons as well. One may have all of this knowledge in the abstract, but they simply have not yet found the formula, framings, techniques, cultural, or artistic resources which will connect with, and inspire them on a visceral level.


These difficulties are not the fault of the practitioner, because our culture has yet to fully realize well-established naturalistic spiritual practices. Therefore, even those of us who see the value in such a journey end up fending for ourselves and grabbing components of a practice ala carte from various sources, in the hope it all works together. For us then, this exploration and discovery process must be considered a part of our practice itself.5



Engineering the Subjective

As we’ve covered, the endeavor of spiritual practice is predicated on the observation that different people in the same material circumstances can have vastly different subjective experiences. And, that the subjective not only matters, but can literally make the difference between life and death. When even the wealthiest among us can be found committing suicide or lingering in bitterness or despair, then something more essential must be addressed. The endeavor of crafting a spiritual practice, therefore, is a matter of engineering the subjective.


The next obvious question is, what is the difference between someone who can retain equanimity under harsh conditions and one who becomes crushed? What is the difference between one who remains balanced amidst plenty and one who yet continues to suffer, perhaps more? What is the difference between a happy and an unhappy person, both of whom may be in moderately reasonable conditions?


Philosophers have pondered these questions and it turns out that humanity had some pretty good thoughts on this well before the Common Era.


I’m going to jump ahead a bit and simply list some character traits that many traditions have seemed to zero in on. Since none of us are perfectly enlightened, it is always easier to recognize the absence of enlightenment. So, I will begin with a list of what I call “the default person”. That is, a person as they typically develop in the absence of any notable degree of wisdom. Go through each of the points in the following chart and consider them individually before proceeding...