In Module 4, students extend their arthmetic work to include using letters to represent numbers. Students explore letters as representations of numbers and see that arthmetic is carried out exactly as it is with numbers. Students explore operations in terms of verbal expressions and determine that arthmetic properties hold true with expressions because nothing has changed and the arthmetic is the same. Students determine that letters are used to represent specific but unknown numbers and are use to make statements or identities that are true for all numbers or a range of numbers.