The Data

Target Demographics

The four major demographic groups in San Diego County are Hispanic/Latino, Black, Asian Pacific Islander, and White. The diabetes and demographic data we used was divided into these four categories. All populations used in this analysis are population samples from each city consisting only of these four target demographics.

Target Cities

We identified 17 cities as viable for our analysis based on data availability. The population samples are confined to these 17 cities.

Diabetes Cases

A case is defined as events that occurred as a result of diabetes conditions including:

Death
Emergency Room Admission
Hospitalization
In-Patient Treatment
Physical Rehabilitation
SNF/Intermediate Care (Nursing Home)

This chart shows the total cases by city summed across all outcomes. It is shown this way due to sparsity of outcomes for some conditions.

Diabetes Rates per 100,000 people.

This graphic below shows the distribution of rates per 100,000 in each city. By viewing the data this way, it becomes apparent which cities have the highest prevalence of diabetes, based on the sample population. Cases / Population Sample * 100,000.

Correlation, Pearson Coefficient, and P-Values

Plotting the relative frequency of each population as a function of the rate per 100k reveals the correlation between the target demographics and the prevalence of diabetes cases. For more information about correlation testing, see here.

Pearson

Findings

The top 3 cities with the highest rates of diabetes were Lemon Grove, Chula Vista, and National City.
Of these 3 cities, the dominant demographic (comprising more than 50% of the total population sample distribution) were Hispanic/Latinos.
The relative frequency of white people is moderately negatively correlated against the prevalence of diabetes.
The relative frequency of black people is strongly positively correlated against the prevalence of diabetes.
The relative frequency of hispanic/latino people is moderately positively correlated against the prevalence of diabetes.
The relative frequency of API people is moderately positively correlated against the prevalence of diabetes.
Black people are affected disproportionately by diabetes, the prevalence of diabetes is nearly 3 times as much as white people, hispanics, and API.

Data Considerations

A population sample consists of the distribution of only these 4 demographic groups within each city, so other demographics are not included in this analysis.
We looked at all cases across all outcomes to determine the number of cases, regardless of outcome type.
Age is in adults 18+, but was not a factor we considered for this analysis.
Confounding variables, this study is confounded by the impact of age. It has been studied and shown that people aged 65+ are higher at risk to develop diabetes due to related health complications, and so areas with higher densities of 65+ will show higher rates of diabetes.
Rate per 100,000 is calculated by dividing the total cases in a target city by the population sample of that city, multiplied by 100,000.

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