Statistical Properties of Circumstellar Disk Substructures in the Last Decade of ALMA Observations

Masayuki Yamaguchi  (ASIAA)

Over the past decade, ALMA observations of circumstellar disks have revealed several substructures, including gaps and rings. However, the formation of these gaps remains controversial, leading to the question of whether there are observable features that can be used to link them to specific formation mechanisms. In this talk, we present promising new results on the correlation between substructures and their formation mechanisms. We used ALMA Band 6 archival continuum data from 43 disks in the Taurus-Auriga region, including 39 Class II disks and four disks around Herbig Ae stars. To improve the fidelity and spatial resolution of the images, we applied a novel 2D super-resolution imaging technique based on sparse modeling. As a result, we obtained unprecedented disk images with high spatial resolution on the scale of a few au, which is two to three times better than conventional methods. All dust disks are successfully spatially resolved, revealing gap structures in 50% of them. We find that the widths of these gaps increase not only with depth but also with radial position, establishing for the first time robust scaling relations in these substructures. These observational relationships are at least consistent with the planetary disk interaction model.