[] [] afroasiatic → cushitic → afar
[] [] afroasiatic → cushitic → agaw
[] [] afroasiatic → cushitic → beja
[] [] afroasiatic → cushitic → gedeo
[] [] afroasiatic → cushitic → hadiyya
[] [] afroasiatic → cushitic → konso
[] [] afroasiatic → cushitic → oromo
[] [] afroasiatic → cushitic → saho
[] [] afroasiatic → cushitic → sidaama
[] [] afroasiatic → cushitic → somali
[] [] afroasiatic → chadic → hausa
[] [] afroasiatic → chadic → huba
[] [] afroasiatic → chadic → kapsiki
[] [] afroasiatic → chadic → kofyar
[] [] afroasiatic → chadic → mafa
[] [] afroasiatic → chadic → masana
[] [] afroasiatic → chadic → musgu
[] [] afroasiatic → chadic → yedina
[] [] afroasiatic → omotic → wolayitta
[] [] afroasiatic → semitic → arabic
[] [] afroasiatic → semitic → arabic → maltese
[] [] afroasiatic → semitic → ethiopic → amharic
[] [] afroasiatic → semitic → ethiopic → argobba
[] [] afroasiatic → semitic → ethiopic → gurage
[] [] afroasiatic → semitic → ethiopic → gurage → silt'e
[] [] afroasiatic → semitic → ethiopic → harari
[] [] afroasiatic → semitic → ethiopic → tigre
[] [] afroasiatic → semitic → ethiopic → tigrinya
[] [] afroasiatic → semitic → hebrew
[] [] afroasiatic → semitic → mehri
[] [] afroasiatic → semitic → neo-aramaic
[] [] algic → algonquian → cree
[] [] algic → algonquian → miꞌkmaq
[] [] algic → algonquian → ojibwe
[] [] arawakan → ta-arawakan → garifuna
[] [] austroasiatic → katuic → bru
[] [] austroasiatic → munda → bhumij
[] [] austroasiatic → munda → mundari
[] [] austroasiatic → munda → santali
[] [] austroasiatic → palaungic → wa
[] [] austroasiatic → vietic → vietnamese
[] [] austronesian → celebic → butonese
[] [] austronesian → celebic → munanese
[] [] austronesian → flores–lembata → lamaholot
[] [] austronesian → flores–lembata → sika
[] [] austronesian → formosan → amis
[] [] austronesian → chamic → acehnese
[] [] austronesian → chamic → cham
[] [] austronesian → chamic → jarai
[] [] austronesian → chamic → rade
[] [] austronesian → malayic → iban
[] [] austronesian → malayic → malay
[] [] austronesian → malayic → malay → ambonese malay
[] [] austronesian → malayic → malay → banjarese
[] [] austronesian → malayic → malay → betawian
[] [] austronesian → malayic → malay → minangkabau
[] [] austronesian → malayo-polynesian → barito → ngaju
[] [] austronesian → malayo-polynesian → barito → ot danum
[] [] austronesian → malayo-polynesian → barito → sama–bajaw
[] [] austronesian → malayo-polynesian → barito → sama–bajaw → yakan
[] [] austronesian → malayo-polynesian → dusunic
[] [] austronesian → malayo-polynesian → land dayak
[] [] austronesian → malayo-polynesian → land dayak → rejang
[] [] austronesian → malayo-polynesian → melanau
[] [] austronesian → malayo-polynesian → murutic
[] [] austronesian → micronesian → chuukese
[] [] austronesian → northwest sumatra–barrier islands → batak
[] [] austronesian → northwest sumatra–barrier islands → gayo
[] [] austronesian → northwest sumatra–barrier islands → nias
[] [] austronesian → philippine → bikol
[] [] austronesian → philippine → blaan
[] [] austronesian → philippine → cordilleran
[] [] austronesian → philippine → cordilleran → ibanag
[] [] austronesian → philippine → cordilleran → ilocano
[] [] austronesian → philippine → cordilleran → itawis
[] [] austronesian → philippine → gorontaloan
[] [] austronesian → philippine → iranun
[] [] austronesian → philippine → kapampangan
[] [] austronesian → philippine → maguindanao
[] [] austronesian → philippine → maranao
[] [] austronesian → philippine → minahasan
[] [] austronesian → philippine → mongondow
[] [] austronesian → philippine → pangasinan
[] [] austronesian → philippine → sambalic
[] [] austronesian → philippine → sangirese
[] [] austronesian → philippine → tagalog
[] [] austronesian → philippine → tboli
[] [] austronesian → philippine → visayan
[] [] austronesian → philippine → visayan → cuyonon
[] [] austronesian → philippine → visayan → tausug
[] [] austronesian → polynesian → hawaiian
[] [] austronesian → polynesian → māori
[] [] austronesian → polynesian → samoan
[] [] austronesian → polynesian → tahitian
[] [] austronesian → south sulawesi → buginese
[] [] austronesian → south sulawesi → makassarese
[] [] austronesian → south sulawesi → mandar
[] [] austronesian → south sulawesi → toraja
[] [] austronesian → sumba–flores → manggarai
[] [] austronesian → sumba–flores → sumba
[] [] austronesian → sumba–flores → sumba → hawu
[] [] austronesian → sundanese
[] [] austronesian → timoric → uab meto
[] [] dené–yeniseian → na-dene → apachean
[] [] dené–yeniseian → na-dene → apachean → navajo
[] [] indo-european → albanian
[] [] indo-european → armenian
[] [] indo-european → baltic → latvian
[] [] indo-european → baltic → lithuanian
[] [] indo-european → celtic → breton
[] [] indo-european → celtic → cornish
[] [] indo-european → celtic → irish
[] [] indo-european → celtic → scottish gaelic
[] [] indo-european → celtic → welsh
[] [] indo-european → germanic → dutch
[] [] indo-european → germanic → dutch → afrikaans
[] [] indo-european → germanic → english
[] [] indo-european → germanic → frisian
[] [] indo-european → germanic → german
[] [] indo-european → germanic → german → bavarian
[] [] indo-european → germanic → german → luxembourgish
[] [] indo-european → germanic → nordic → danish
[] [] indo-european → germanic → nordic → icelandic
[] [] indo-european → germanic → nordic → norwegian
[] [] indo-european → germanic → nordic → swedish
[] [] indo-european → indo-aryan → bengali
[] [] indo-european → indo-aryan → bhil
[] [] indo-european → indo-aryan → bhil → dubli
[] [] indo-european → indo-aryan → bihari → bhojpuri
[] [] indo-european → indo-aryan → bihari → magahi
[] [] indo-european → indo-aryan → bihari → maithili
[] [] indo-european → indo-aryan → bihari → sadri
[] [] indo-european → indo-aryan → bishnupriya manipuri
[] [] indo-european → indo-aryan → dardic → kashmiri
[] [] indo-european → indo-aryan → dardic → pashayi
[] [] indo-european → indo-aryan → dogri
[] [] indo-european → indo-aryan → gujarati
[] [] indo-european → indo-aryan → hindustani → awadhi
[] [] indo-european → indo-aryan → hindustani → rajasthani
[] [] indo-european → indo-aryan → chakma
[] [] indo-european → indo-aryan → kamtapuri
[] [] indo-european → indo-aryan → konkani
[] [] indo-european → indo-aryan → maldivian
[] [] indo-european → indo-aryan → marathi
[] [] indo-european → indo-aryan → nepali
[] [] indo-european → indo-aryan → odia
[] [] indo-european → indo-aryan → punjabi
[] [] indo-european → indo-aryan → rohingya
[] [] indo-european → indo-aryan → romani
[] [] indo-european → indo-aryan → sindhi
[] [] indo-european → indo-aryan → sinhala
[] [] indo-european → indo-aryan → sylheti
[] [] indo-european → iranian → balochi
[] [] indo-european → iranian → kurdish
[] [] indo-european → iranian → luri
[] [] indo-european → iranian → ossetian
[] [] indo-european → iranian → pamir
[] [] indo-european → iranian → pashto
[] [] indo-european → iranian → persian
[] [] indo-european → iranian → persian → aimaq
[] [] indo-european → iranian → persian → hazaragi
[] [] indo-european → iranian → persian → tajik
[] [] indo-european → iranian → talysh
[] [] indo-european → nuristani
[] [] indo-european → romance → aromanian
[] [] indo-european → romance → catalan
[] [] indo-european → romance → corsican
[] [] indo-european → romance → french
[] [] indo-european → romance → french → walloon
[] [] indo-european → romance → friulian
[] [] indo-european → romance → galician
[] [] indo-european → romance → italian
[] [] indo-european → romance → occitan
[] [] indo-european → romance → portuguese
[] [] indo-european → romance → romanian
[] [] indo-european → romance → sardinian
[] [] indo-european → romance → spanish
[] [] indo-european → slavic → belarusian
[] [] indo-european → slavic → bulgarian
[] [] indo-european → slavic → czech
[] [] indo-european → slavic → kashubian
[] [] indo-european → slavic → macedonian
[] [] indo-european → slavic → polish
[] [] indo-european → slavic → russian
[] [] indo-european → slavic → rusyn
[] [] indo-european → slavic → serbo-croatian → bosnian
[] [] indo-european → slavic → serbo-croatian → croatian
[] [] indo-european → slavic → serbo-croatian → montenegrin
[] [] indo-european → slavic → serbo-croatian → serbian
[] [] indo-european → slavic → silesian
[] [] indo-european → slavic → slovak
[] [] indo-european → slavic → slovene
[] [] indo-european → slavic → ukrainian
[] [] kra–dai → tai → lao → isan
[] [] kra–dai → tai → zhuang → nung
[] [] macro-arawakan languages → arawakan → kalinago
[] [] niger–congo → adamawa → mumuye
[] [] niger–congo → adamawa → tupuri
[] [] niger–congo → atlantic → mel → kissi
[] [] niger–congo → atlantic → mel → sherbro
[] [] niger–congo → atlantic → mel → temne
[] [] niger–congo → atlantic → senegambian → balanta
[] [] niger–congo → atlantic → senegambian → fula
[] [] niger–congo → atlantic → senegambian → fula → pulaar
[] [] niger–congo → atlantic → senegambian → jola
[] [] niger–congo → atlantic → senegambian → manjak
[] [] niger–congo → atlantic → senegambian → papel
[] [] niger–congo → atlantic → senegambian → serer
[] [] niger–congo → atlantic → senegambian → wolof
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → akoose
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → bemba
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → bembe
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → beti
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → beti → fang
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → boa
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → budu
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → great lakes → luganda
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → great lakes → rwanda-rundi
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → herero
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → chewa
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → chokwe
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → kamba
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → kikuyu
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → kimbundu
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → kongo
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → konjo
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → lega
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → luban
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → luhya
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → makhuwa
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → makonde
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → mijikenda
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → mongo
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → mwera
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → nguni → swazi
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → nguni → xhosa
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → nguni → zulu
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → ovambo
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → pare
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → pende
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → shona → kalanga
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → soga
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → sotho–tswana → sepedi
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → sotho–tswana → sotho
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → sukuma
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → swahili
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → tshivenda
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → tsonga
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → tswana
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → umbundu
[] [] niger–congo → bantu → yao
[] [] niger–congo → cross river → ibibio-efik → anaang
[] [] niger–congo → cross river → ibibio-efik → efik
[] [] niger–congo → cross river → ibibio-efik → ibibio
[] [] niger–congo → cross river → ogoni
[] [] niger–congo → cross river → yakö
[] [] niger–congo → edoid → afenmai
[] [] niger–congo → edoid → edo
[] [] niger–congo → edoid → esan
[] [] niger–congo → edoid → isoko
[] [] niger–congo → edoid → urhobo
[] [] niger–congo → grassfields → bamileke
[] [] niger–congo → grassfields → bamum
[] [] niger–congo → gur → bariba
[] [] niger–congo → gur → dagaare
[] [] niger–congo → gur → dagbani
[] [] niger–congo → gur → gourmanché
[] [] niger–congo → gur → gurunsi
[] [] niger–congo → gur → mossi
[] [] niger–congo → idomoid → idoma
[] [] niger–congo → idomoid → igede
[] [] niger–congo → jukun takum
[] [] niger–congo → jukunoid → kuteb
[] [] niger–congo → kru → bassa
[] [] niger–congo → kwa → akan
[] [] niger–congo → kwa → ga–dangme
[] [] niger–congo → kwa → gbe → adja
[] [] niger–congo → kwa → gbe → ewe
[] [] niger–congo → kwa → gbe → fon
[] [] niger–congo → kwa → ghana–togo mountain → kposo
[] [] niger–congo → kwa → guang
[] [] niger–congo → mande → bissa
[] [] niger–congo → mande → bozo
[] [] niger–congo → mande → kpelle
[] [] niger–congo → mande → manding
[] [] niger–congo → mande → manding → bambara
[] [] niger–congo → mande → manding → dyula
[] [] niger–congo → mande → mende
[] [] niger–congo → mande → soninke
[] [] niger–congo → mande → susu
[] [] niger–congo → nupoid → ebira
[] [] niger–congo → nupoid → gwari
[] [] niger–congo → plateau → atyap
[] [] niger–congo → plateau → berom
[] [] niger–congo → plateau → tarok
[] [] niger–congo → ubangian → banda
[] [] niger–congo → ubangian → gbaya
[] [] niger–congo → ubangian → mbaka
[] [] niger–congo → ubangian → ngbandi
[] [] niger–congo→ bantu → shona
[] [] nilo-saharan → central sudanic → ma'di
[] [] nilo-saharan → central sudanic → naba
[] [] nilo-saharan → central sudanic → sara
[] [] nilo-saharan → nilotic → bari
[] [] nilo-saharan → nilotic → dinka
[] [] nilo-saharan → nilotic → kalenjin
[] [] nilo-saharan → nilotic → luo → acholi
[] [] nilo-saharan → nilotic → luo → alur
[] [] nilo-saharan → nilotic → luo → anuak
[] [] nilo-saharan → nilotic → luo → dholuo
[] [] nilo-saharan → nilotic → luo → shilluk
[] [] nilo-saharan → nilotic → maasai
[] [] nilo-saharan → nilotic → nuer
[] [] nilo-saharan → nilotic → turkana
[] [] nilo-saharan → saharan → kanuri
[] [] nilo-saharan → saharan → tebu
[] [] nilo-saharan → saharan → zaghawa
[] [] northeast caucasian → avar
[] [] northeast caucasian → dargwa
[] [] northeast caucasian → lak
[] [] northeast caucasian → lezgic → lezgian
[] [] northeast caucasian → lezgic → tabasaranese
[] [] northeast caucasian → nakh → chechen
[] [] northeast caucasian → nakh → ingush
[] [] northwest caucasian → abazgi → abkhaz
[] [] northwest caucasian → circassian
[] [] northwest caucasian languages → abazgi → abaza
[] [] oto-manguean → mixtecan → mixtec
[] [] oto-manguean → oto-pamean → mazahua
[] [] oto-manguean → otomian → otomi
[] [] oto-manguean → popolocan → mazatecan
[] [] sino-tibetan → burmese → arakanese
[] [] sino-tibetan → chinese → waxiang chinese
[] [] sino-tibetan → karenic → pa'o
[] [] sino-tibetan → kuki-chin–naga
[] [] sino-tibetan → kuki-chin–naga → karbi
[] [] sino-tibetan → kuki-chin–naga → meitei
[] [] sino-tibetan → loloish → hani
[] [] sino-tibetan → loloish → hani → akha
[] [] sino-tibetan → loloish → lisu
[] [] sino-tibetan → sal → bodo
[] [] sino-tibetan → sal → deori
[] [] sino-tibetan → sal → garo
[] [] sino-tibetan → sal → jingpho
[] [] sino-tibetan → sal → kokborok
[] [] sino-tibetan → sal → tiwa
[] [] sino-tibetan → tani → mising
[] [] sino-tibetan → tani → nishi
[] [] sino-tibetan → tibetic → balti
[] [] sino-tibetan → tibetic → dzongkha
[] [] trans–new guinea → engan → huli
[] [] turkic → karluk → uyghur
[] [] turkic → kipchak → balkar
[] [] turkic → kipchak → bashkir
[] [] turkic → kipchak → karachay
[] [] turkic → kipchak → karakalpak
[] [] turkic → kipchak → kazakh
[] [] turkic → kipchak → kumyk
[] [] turkic → kipchak → kyrgyz
[] [] turkic → kipchak → nogai
[] [] turkic → kipchak → tatar
[] [] turkic → oghur → chuvash
[] [] turkic → oghuz → azerbaijani
[] [] turkic → oghuz → khorasani turkic
[] [] turkic → oghuz → qashqai
[] [] turkic → oghuz → turkish
[] [] turkic → oghuz → turkmen
[] [] turkic → siberian → tuvan
[] [] turkic → siberian → yakut
[] [] uralic → finnic → estonian
[] [] uralic → finnic → finnish
[] [] uralic → permic → udmurt
[] [] uralic → ugric → hungarian