This article discusses the ways in which relying on search engines can undermine memory encoding:

Sparrow, B., Liu, J., & Wegner, D. M. (2011). Google Effects on Memory: Cognitive Consequences of Having Information at Our Fingertips. Science. http://science.sciencemag.org/content/333/6043/776/tab-pdf

These articles also discuss a variety of impacts of technology on cognitive processes, including memory:

Wilmer, H. H., Sherman, L. E., & Chein, J. M. (2017). Smartphones and cognition: A review of research exploring the links between mobile technology habits and cognitive functioning. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00605

Henkel, L. A. (2020). Point-and-Shoot Memories : The Influence of Taking Photos on Memory for a Museum Tour, 25(2), 396–402. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613504438

Ferguson, A. M., McLean, D., & Risko, E. F. (2015). Answers at your fingertips: Access to the Internet influences willingness to answer questions. Consciousness and Cognition, 37, 91–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2015.08.008

Tamir, D. I., Templeton, E. M., Ward, A. F., & Zaki, J. (2018). Media usage diminishes memory for experiences. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 76(February), 161–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.01.006

Many impacts of technology on memory happen because of distraction - the following section focuses on technology and attention 

These blog posts and articles debate the value of various approaches to managing classroom distractions caused by technology:

A new replication study revives the question: Is taking notes by hand really better for students?

Laptops are Great, but Not During a Lecture or Meeting

The Pen Is Mightier Than the Keyboard: Advantages of Longhand Over Laptop Note Taking 

Let’s Ban the Classroom Technology Ban

On Banning Laptops...Again. (Sigh)

Making Disability Part of the Conversation: Combatting Inaccessible Spaces and Logics

Addiction, Accommodation, and Better Solutions to the Laptop Problem 

 Distracted Classroom Series:

• The Distracted Classroom

• The Distracted Classroom: Is It Getting Worse?

• The Distracted Classroom: Do Tech Fasts Work?

• The Distracted Classroom: Transparency, Autonomy, and Pedagogy 

Here is some additional research on technology, attention and distraction, particularly among college students:

Bowman, L. L., Levine, L. E., Waite, B. M., & Gendron, M. (2010). Can students really multitask? An experimental study of instant messaging while reading. Computers & Education, 54(4), 927-931.

Bullen, M., Morgan, T., & Qayyum, A. (2011). Digital learners in higher education: Generation is not the issue. Canadian Journal Of Learning And Technology, 37(1), 1-24.

Duncan, D. K., Hoekstra, A. R., & Wilcox, B. R. (2012). Digital devices, distraction, and student performance: Does in-class cell phone use reduce learning? Astronomy Education Review, 11(1), 010108-1-010108-4.

Finley, J.R., Benjamin, A.S., & McCarley, J.S. (2014). Metacognition of multitasking: How well do we predict the costs of divided attention? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied. Advance online publication.http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xap0000010

Junco, R. (2012). In-class multitasking and academic performance. Computers In Human Behavior, 28(6), 2236-2243. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.06.031

Junco, R., & Cotten, S. R. (2011). Perceived academic effects of instant messaging use. Computers & Education, 56(2), 370-378.

Junco, R., & Cotten, S. R. (2012). No A 4 U: The relationship between multitasking and academic performance. Computers & Education, 59(2), 505-514.

Koutropoulos, A. (2011). Digital natives: Ten years after. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 7 (4), 525-538.Sana, F., Weston, T., & Cepeda, N. J. (2013). Laptop multitasking hinders classroom learning for both users and nearby peers. Computers & Education, 6224-31. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2012.10.003