Microstructural basis of quantitative MRI parameters. The central image shows four quantitative MRI maps, all reflecting tissue microstructure via different physical mechanisms. Clockwise from top left: longitudinal relaxation rate (R1=1/T1), proton density (PD), quantitative magnetic susceptibility map (QSM) and fractional anisotropy map obtained from DWI, color-coded with major anisotropy directions. Figure created by Evgeniya Kirilina and based on Weiskopf et al., Nat. Rev. Phys. (2021).