Research 

This study examines the dynamics of human migration during the Colonial Era (1500–1960) using a novel dependent variable, "Descendent Share," derived from the World Migration Matrix, and an origin-destination model to analyze bilateral migration factors. Key findings highlight vital differences between voluntary European migration, shaped by environmental constraints, and forced African migrations, minimally influenced by such factors, while emphasizing the roles of economic incentives in shaping migration flows. By adopting a region-specific clustering approach, the research reveals how deep-rooted historical factors persistently influenced population movements.

This study examines how long-term environmental trends influence global migration dynamics. Using Abel’s stock-to-flow migration data and dyadic analysis, it highlights how environmental stressors like droughts, temperature anomalies, and precipitation anomalies directly and indirectly shape migration flows, particularly in agriculture-dependent regions. However, the findings underscore that environmental pressures also contribute to immobility, as vulnerable populations in severely impacted areas often lack the resources or capacity to migrate. The study emphasizes how economic growth, urbanization, and institutional factors mediate migration decisions, creating disparities in mobility and immobility across regions. The research contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of climate-induced displacement and the governance challenges of both migration and constrained mobility in the context of environmental crises.