We transform carbon-rich industrial residues into high-value carbon fibers and nanomaterials, enabling sustainable pathways for advanced structural and functional materials. By engineering CNT fibers and next-generation CNTF composites with improved dispersion and interfacial performance, we overcome long-standing challenges in carbon-based reinforcement. Together, these innovations deliver stronger, more reliable, and thermally efficient composites while turning waste streams into powerful building blocks for future high-performance technologies.