RESEARCH

WORKING PAPERS:

• "Agentic inequality" (R&R at Nature Machine Intelligence)

Updated ArXiv version
with Omer Bilgin (Oxford), Iason Gabriel (DeepMind) and Lewis Hammond (Cooperative AI Foundation and Oxford)

• "Unlocking AI usage data for labour market research: Design choices and tradeoffs"

Draft; with Ole Teutloff (Oxford), Rishi Bommasani (Stanford Digital Economy Lab), Bharat Chandar (Stanford Digital Economy Lab), and Mateo Petel (Stanford) 

• "Minimum wages and economic shocks: Evidence from South Africa" (2023) IZA Working Paper

 with Joshua Merfeld (KDI School & IZA) 

• "Agglomeration economies in a developing country: Evidence from geo-coded micro-panel data in South Africa" (2020) Draft 

ACADEMIC PUBLICATIONS:

• "Revisiting the measurement of digital inclusion" (2023) World Bank Research Observer

Oxford Blavatnik School Working Paper version (extended version)

• "The labour market impacts of female internal migration: Evidence from the end of Apartheid" (2021) Regional Science and Urban Economics

Accepted version (ungated); Oxford CSAE Working Paper 2021:01 

POLICY PUBLICATIONS:

• "Financing the AI triad: A framework for building capacity globally" (2026), Oxford Martin School AIGI Working Paper

with Sumaya Nur Adan (Oxford), Luise Eder (Oxford), Daniela Muhaj (Georgetown), Robert Trager (Oxford) & Lucia Velasco (UN)

• Decoding Cross-Border Payment Flows in Sub-Saharan Africa: A High-Frequency Analysis of Granular Platform Data  (2025) G20 Conference Paper

with Pedro Arnt (dLocal), Pardon Mujakachi (dLocal) and Samantha Torrance (Access Partnership) 

PRE-PHD RESEARCH:

• "Analysing African LIC Labour Markets with a New Segmentation Model" (2017) DFID/IZA GLM/LIC Working Paper

with Haroon Bhorat (UCT), Morne Oosthuizen (UCT) and Kezia Lilenstein (UCT)

• "Day labour and Xenophobia in South Africa: The need for mixed methods approaches in policy-oriented research" (2013) Urban Forum