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Although the area, which belonged to the tribe of Banu Najjar, had been partly cleared for dying palm dates, it contained boxthorn bushes, palm trees and remains of a building. There was also a polytheist burial site at one end. However, the Prophet deemed that the location was ideal for his masjid and his home.

The masjid was originally a rectangular building, measuring about 30 metres from east to west and 35 metres from north to south. The total area was 1,050 square metres. Unbaked bricks were used as building material on top of a masonry foundation which was about 1.5 metres high.

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Mud was used for the walls, and date palm trunks were used as columns. There was a roofed area towards the front of the masjid, which was made from palm tree branches cemented together by beaten clay. It was slightly sloped to facilitate drainage during the rainy season. The roof was attached to the northern wall and stood about 3.6 metres high. The majority of the courtyard was left open.

The total area of the mosque was increased to about 2200 square metres, and the height of its walls was increased to about 3.6 metres. The masjid was extended to the north, east and west. Each side now measured about 47 metres, making the masjid almost square. Three rows of columns, about 15 metres deep, were added to the west wall. This area became the main space for prayer.

There were no significant alterations to the masjid during the caliphate of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq I, who ruled from 11-13 AH (632-634 CE), following the demise of the Prophet . He is said to have repaired the worn-out palm pillars during his two-year reign as caliph.

The masjid was now rectangular in shape again, measuring about 58 metres from east to west and 66 metres from north to south. The wall was constructed from sun-dried mud bricks and was built on a foundation made of stone, which was about 1.8 metres deep. The roof was increased to a height of 5.6 metres. Small stones were also scattered across the floor, and woven palm fronds provided carpeting.

In the month of Rabi al-Awwal 29 AH (649 CE), 12 years after the previous extension was carried out by Umar ibn al-Khattab I, a new development program of Masjid Nabawi began. The mosque was demolished, and a brand new structure was built, taking 10 months to complete. Work finished in Muharram 30 AH (650 CE). Uthman I personally took part in the construction activities of the masjid.

The masjid was now trapezoid in shape, measuring just over 100 metres long. All the sides of the mosque were significantly extended. The north and south walls measured just over 68 metres and 59 metres, respectively. The total area of the mosque now covered almost 6,440 square metres.

Masjid Nabawi was twice substantially destroyed by fires, the first of which started on 1 Ramadan 654 AH (1256 CE). On this occasion, the fire was caused by a candle or an oil lamp. The fire spread to curtains, carpets, and prayer mats and eventually engulfed the whole masjid. The original mushaf (written copy of the Quran) of Uthman I was destroyed during this fire.

In the year 678 AH (1279 CE), at the start of the reign of Mamluk Sultan al-Mansur Qalawun V, a dome was built over the tomb of the Prophet for the first time in its history. This dome was originally made of wood and was unpainted. He also carried out repair work to the ceiling of the masjid at a later stage.

Being a dutiful ruler, the sultan also built lodging for pilgrims and a school for students. Scholarships were granted to students, and a trust was established for the maintenance of the masjid complex. These were located near the western wall of Masjid Nabawi, between Bab al-Salam and Bab al-Rahmah. He also built a public bathhouse, a flour mill and a kitchen that regularly provided food to the poor in Madinah.

By this point, the responsibility of the maintenance of the mosque shifted to the caliphs of the Ottoman Empire after the rule of the Mamluk dynasty of Egypt came to an end in 923 AH (1517 CE). The Ottomans took great care of the masjid.

Sultan AbdulMejid was very scrupulous when renovating the mosque, such was his respect for its sanctity. Those who were chosen to work in the masjid had to be Huffaz (memorisers of the Quran) and were trained by the best craftsmen the Ottoman Empire had to offer from a very young age. When working in the masjid, these craftsmen were ordered to be in the state of wudhu at all times and to recite the Quran constantly.

Sadly, the Sultan passed away just as the finishing touches were being applied to the mosque, although his legacy remains to this day. After the completion of the construction, and in fact, throughout the Ottoman era, gifts such as diamonds, pearls, rubies and other precious stones were endowed to the masjid by Ottoman rulers and monarchs from around the world.

The enlargement of the masjid involved building three new structures on the north, east and west sides of the existing structure. Marble was used extensively throughout the structure, particularly for the flooring.

The focal point of the expansion, the ground floor, measures 82,000 square metres in area and 12.55 metres in height. A total of 2,104 pillars were distributed across this level, with a distance of six metres between each pillar. The flooring was clad with marble imported from Spain and Italy, and high-quality carpets were laid in the masjid. The capacity of the ground floor is 167,000 worshippers.

There are also two larger courtyards in the masjid, which can be covered with retractable umbrellas. The domes and umbrellas, as well as various other electrical and mechanical systems around the masjid complex, are controlled by computers in the basement complex.

One of the largest and most innovative air conditioning systems of its time was also introduced to the masjid complex. The system was able to pump 17,000 gallons of chilled water per minute from a plant located just over four miles away into the basement complex, where it was used to cool air throughout the mosque.

The expansion of the masjid took nine years and was finally completed in April 1994 CE (1414 AH). Masjid al-Haram in Makkah was also being expanded at the same time as Masjid Nabawi and the total cost for the expansion of the two holy mosques came to approximately 70 billion Saudi Riyals ($18.6 billion).

The total size of the expansion measured 384,000 square metres, bringing the total area of the mosque (including the surrounding area around the masjid) to just over 400,000 square metres. This entire area is able to accommodate over one million worshippers at peak times.

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Please let me know how to enroll my son directly at the masjid an nabi Quran memorisation halaqah. He finished his tajwid from furqan madrasa in Jeddah and still continuing hifdh from masjid Abdurrahman bin Auf in Jeddah. He would like to join directly in the masjid and not online. Please guide us.