Research

Patient-based blood flow modeling in cerebral aneurysms has been performed by varying the size and carotid siphon shapes. The multilobed aneurysms show very complex flow and are vulnerable to rupture. Similarly, lower curved internal carotid arteries with acute local curvature are more prone to aneurysm formation and rupture.

Most of the arterial vascular bifurcations consist of asymmetry in the bifurcation angle. The detailed analysis of asymmetry in bifurcation angle and its effect on flow behavior and atherosclerosis formation is unclear yet. The present study addresses this gap to understand the effect of asymmetry on velocity, secondary flow distribution, and various hemodynamic parameters.

In this work, CFD simulations are performed for three-dimensional patient-specific carotid artery bifurcation to show the probable areas of atherosclerosis formation. Numerical results show that low time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) is observed at the outer wall of the sinus. Similarly, high oscillatory shear index (OSI), and larger relative residence time are observed near the outer wall of the sinus. The low TAWSS, high OSI, and RRT are the indicators of probable sites of atherosclerosis. The particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique is used for the validation of numerical results. The refractive index of the working fluid is matched with the 3D printed patient-specific carotid artery model to avoid an optical error. The flow is seeded with tracer particles and illuminated using the laser. The images are captured using a high-speed camera and cross-correlated to get velocity distribution in a vessel.

• The use of various techniques to cut off the blood vessels that feed tissue growth -- has gained traction over the past decades to treat cancerous tumors, and one specific version is gas embolotherapy. During this process, the blood supply is cut off using acoustic droplet vaporization, which uses microscopic gas bubbles induced by exposure to ultrasonic waves. Researchers have discovered that these bubbles could also be used as potential drug delivery systems.

The recent outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has affected humans throughout the world. It causes respiratory distress syndrome and needs an external source of oxygen in the form of mechanical ventilation. During ventilation air enters into the small airway bifurcation in the form of a microbubble. These microbubble has an adverse effect on lungs and needs to analyze.