生命科学リトリート2024

Abstract
Ornithischians are some of the most iconic and bizarre dinosaurs of all time. This extinct group has a robust and diverse fossil record of hulking herbivores like Stegosaurus, Triceratops, and Kamuysaurus, but its early evolutionary history remains shrouded in obscurity. There is a 30-million-year gap between the oldest definitive theropod and sauropodomorph dinosaurs from the late Triassic Period (~230 million years ago) and the oldest ornithischians from the earliest Jurassic Period. Join me as I provide a historical overview of the evidence for ornithischian origins and discuss recent hypotheses that have challenged the long-held scientific consensus on early dinosaur relationships.

Abstract
Marine animals exhibit diverse sexual systems. This review highlights recent theoretical studies: (i) Coral fish sex change often includes a reproductive pause, which can be minimized by retaining inactive gonads for the opposite sex. (ii) Barnacles' sexual patterns are shaped by larval settlement choices and adult reproductive investments, modeled using game theory. (iii) In fish and reptiles, temperature-dependent sex determination is influenced by hormone dynamics, where enzymatic reaction rates align with the Arrhenius equation. These insights deepen our understanding of the evolutionary strategies governing sexual systems.　(https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2022.2229)