Academic Papers

Louis Rosenberg, PhD is a computer scientist and research engineer (h-index of 132) working in artificial intelligence, swarm intelligence, immersive media, human-computer interaction, haptics and collective superintelligence. Select academic publications are listed below: 

1. Rosenberg, L.; Willcox, G.; Schumann, H. and Mani, G. (2024). Towards Collective Superintelligence: Amplifying Group IQ Using Conversational Swarms. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems - Volume 1: ICEIS; ISBN 978-989-758-692-7; ISSN 2184-4992, SciTePress, pages 759-766. DOI: 10.5220/0012687500003690

2. Rosenberg, L., Willcox, G., and Schumann, H., "Towards Collective Superintelligence, a pilot study," 2023 International Conference on Human-Centered Cognitive Systems (HCCS), Cardiff, United Kingdom, 2023, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/HCCS59561.2023.10452485.

3. V. Nair, W. Guo, R. Wang, J. F. O'Brien, L. Rosenberg and D. Song, "Berkeley Open Extended Reality Recordings 2023 (BOXRR-23): 4.7 Million Motion Capture Recordings from 105,000 XR Users," in IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, doi: 10.1109/TVCG.2024.3372087. 

4. Rosenberg, L., Willcox, G., Schumann, H., and Mani, G., “Towards Collective Superintelligence: Amplifying Group IQ using Conversational Swarms.”  arXiv.org, Jan 25, 2024. https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.15109 

5. Rosenberg, L., Willcox, G., Schumann, H., and Mani, G., “Conversational Swarm Intelligence amplifies the accuracy of networked groupwise deliberations.” 2024 IEEE 14th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC), Las Vegas, NV, USA, 2024, pp. 0086-0091, doi: 10.1109/CCWC60891.2024.10427807.

6. Rosenberg, L., et. al., “Towards Collective Superintelligence, a Pilot Study.” arXiv.org, October 31, 2023. https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.00728

7. Rosenberg, L. (2023). Generative AI as a Dangerous New Form of Media. In N. Callaos, J. Horne, B. Sánchez, M. Savoie (Eds.), Proceedings of the 17th International Multi-Conference on Society, Cybernetics and Informatics: IMSCI 2023, pp. 165-170. International Institute of Informatics and Cybernetics. https://doi.org/10.54808/IMSCI2023.01.165 

8. Rosenberg, L., et. al., “Conversational Swarm Intelligence, a Pilot Study.” arXiv.org, August 31, 2023. https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.03220.

9. Nair, V., Guo, W., O'Brien, J., Rosenberg, L., Song, D., “Deep Motion Masking for Secure, Usable, and Scalable Real-Time Anonymization of Virtual Reality Motion Data.” arXiv.Org, 9 Nov. 2023, arxiv.org/abs/2311.05090. https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.05090 

10. Rosenberg, L., et. al., “Conversational Swarm Intelligence, a Pilot Study.” HCOMP 2023, November 6–9, 2023  Delft, Netherlands. https://www.humancomputation.com/assets/wips_demos/HCOMP-23_paper_2815.pdf

11. V. Nair, L. Rosenberg, J. F. O’Brien and D. Song, "Truth in Motion: The Unprecedented Risks and Opportunities of Extended Reality Motion Data," in IEEE Security & Privacy, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 24-32, Jan.-Feb. 2024, doi: 10.1109/MSEC.2023.3330392.

12. Rosenberg, L., Willcox, G., Schumann, H. and Mani, G., “Conversational Swarm Intelligence (CSI) Enhances Groupwise Deliberation.” 7th International Joint Conference on Advances in Computational Intelligence (IJCACI 2023). Oct 14, 2023. New Deli.

13. Rosenberg, L., Willcox, G., Schumann, H., and Mani, G., “Conversational Swarm Intelligence (CSI) Enables Rapid Group Insights,” 14th Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics & Mobile Communication Conference, New York, NY, USA. October 2023. (UEMCON 2023).

14. Vivek Nair, Wenbo Guo, Justus Mattern, Rui Wang, James F. O Brien, Louis Rosenberg, & Dawn Song (2023). Unique Identification of 50,000+ Virtual Reality Users from Head & Hand Motion Data. In 32nd USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 23) (pp. 895–910). USENIX Association.

15. Willcox, G., Rosenberg, L., Schumann, H. (2023). Validating a New Collective Intelligence Technology for Accurate Ranking Using Artificial Swarm Intelligence. In: Arai, K. (eds) Proceedings of the Future Technologies Conference (FTC) 2023, Volume 1. FTC 2023. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 813. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47454-5_22

16. Rosenberg, Louis. (2023). The Manipulation Problem: Conversational AI as a Threat to Epistemic Agency. 2023 CHI Workshop on Generative AI and HCI (GenAICHI 2023). Association for Computing Machinery, Hamburg Germany (April 28, 2023).  Paper Link

17. Rosenberg, Louis. (2023) "The Metaverse and Conversational AI as a Threat Vector for Targeted Influence," 2023 IEEE 13th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC), Las Vegas, NV, USA, 2023, pp. 0504-0510, doi: 10.1109/CCWC57344.2023.10099167.

18. Rosenberg, Louis. “Conversational AI Will Learn to Push Your Buttons.” Barron’s, 23 Feb. 2023, Dow Jones. www.barrons.com/articles/conversational-ai-will-learn-to-push-your-buttons-manipulation-problem-c9f797e8.

19. Wallace, C. Rosenberg, L. Pearlman, K. and Choudhary, B. (2023) “Metaverse and Standards” White Paper for Australian Government https://www.standards.org.au/documents/h2-3061-metaverse-report

20. Spisak, Brian., Rosenberg, Louis and Beilby, Max (2023) 13 Principles for Using AI responsibly, Harvard Business Review. June 30, 2023. https://hbr.org/2023/06/13-principles-for-using-ai-responsibly.

21. Nair, Vivek, Christian Rack, Wenbo Guo, Rui Wang, Shuixian Li, Brandon Huang, Atticus Cull, Rosenberg, Louis, Song, Dawn. “Inferring Private Personal Attributes of Virtual Reality Users from Head and Hand Motion Data.” arXiv.org, June 10, 2023. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2305.19198

22. Nair, Vivek, Wenbo Guo, Justus Mattern, Rui Wang, James F. O’Brien, Louis Rosenberg, and Dawn Song. “Unique Identification of 50,000+ Virtual Reality Users from Head & Hand Motion Data.” arXiv.org, February 17, 2023. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2302.08927.

23. Rosenberg, L. (2023). Marketing in the Metaverse: Emerging Risks. In: Arai, K. (eds) Advances in Information and Communication. FICC 2023. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 651. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28076-4_5

24. Rosenberg, L. B. (2023). The Metaverse: The Ultimate Tool of Persuasion. In M. Anshari, M. Syafrudin, & G. Alfian (Eds.), Metaverse Applications for New Business Models and Disruptive Innovation (pp. 1-11). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6097-9.ch001

25. Rosenberg, L. B. (2022, October 30). The Metaverse: From Marketing to Mind Control. Future of Marketing Magazine, Future of Marketing Institute,  https://futureofmarketinginstitute.com/the-metaverse-from-marketing-to-mind-control/

26. Rosenberg, L.B. (2022). The Growing Need for Metaverse Regulation. In: Arai, K. (eds) Intelligent Systems and Applications. IntelliSys 2022. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 544. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16075-2_39

27. Rosenberg, L., “Marketing in the Metaverse and the Need for Consumer Protections,” 2022 IEEE 13th Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics & Mobile Communication Conference (UEMCON), 2022, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1109/UEMCON54665.2022.9965661

28. Domnauer C., Willcox G., Rosenberg L., (2022). Collaborative Forecasting using "Slider-Swarms" Improves Probabilistic Accuracy. In: Proceedings of the Future Technologies Conference (FTC) 2022, Volume 1. FTC 2022. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, Springer, Cham.

29. Rosenberg, Louis. “How a Parachute Accident Helped Jump-Start Augmented Reality.” IEEE Spectrum, June 2022, pp. 42–46. https://spectrum.ieee.org/history-of-augmented-reality

30. Rosenberg, L.B. (2022). Regulating the Metaverse, a Blueprint for the Future. In: De Paolis, L.T., Arpaia, P., Sacco, M. (eds) Extended Reality. XR Salento 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13445. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15546-8_23

31. Louis Rosenberg. 2022. Regulation of the Metaverse: A Roadmap: The risks and regulatory solutions for largescale consumer platforms. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Virtual and Augmented Reality Simulations (ICVARS '22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 21–26. https://doi.org/10.1145/3546607.3546611

32. Rosenberg L., Domnauer C., Willcox G., Schumann H. (2022) From Swarms to Hyperswarms: A New Methodology for Amplifying Group Intelligence. In: Arai K. (eds) Proceedings of the Future Technologies Conference (FTC) 2021, Volume 1. FTC 2021. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 358. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89906-6_17

33. Rosenberg L.B. (2022) Augmented Reality: Reflections at Thirty Years. In: Arai K. (eds) Proceedings of the Future Technologies Conference (FTC) 2021, Volume 1. FTC 2021. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 358. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89906-6_1

34. Willcox G., Rosenberg L. (2022) Symbiont AI and Embodied Symbiotic Learning. In: Arai K. (eds) Proceedings of the Future Technologies Conference (FTC) 2021, Volume 1. FTC 2021. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 358. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89906-6_5

35. L. Rosenberg, G. Willcox, M. Palosuo and G. Mani, "Forecasting of Volatile Assets using Artificial Swarm Intelligence," 2021 4th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Industries (AI4I), 2021, pp. 30-33, doi: 10.1109/AI4I51902.2021.00015.

36. Rosenberg L., Domnauer C., Willcox G.  Hyperswarm Methodology for Collective Intelligence. Collective Intelligence Conference 2021; Copenhagen, Denmark.  June 2021.

37. Rosenberg L., Willcox G. (2020) Artificial Swarm Intelligence. In: Bi Y., Bhatia R., Kapoor S. (eds) Intelligent Systems and Applications. IntelliSys 2019. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1037. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29516-5_79

38. G. Willcox, L. Rosenberg, M. Burgman and A. Marcoci, "Prioritizing Policy Objectives in Polarized Groups using Artificial Swarm Intelligence," 2020 IEEE Conference on Cognitive and Computational Aspects of Situation Management (CogSIMA), Victoria, BC, Canada, 2020, pp. 1-9, doi: 10.1109/CogSIMA49017.2020.9216182.

39. Willcox G., Rosenberg L., Domnauer C. (2020) The Repeatability of Human Swarms. In: Arai K., Kapoor S., Bhatia R. (eds) Advances in Information and Communication. FICC 2020. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1130. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39442-4_35

40. G. Willcox, L. Rosenberg and C. Domnauer, "Analysis of Human Behaviors in Real-Time Swarms," 2020 10th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC), Las Vegas, NV, USA, 2020, pp. 0104-0109, doi: 10.1109/CCWC47524.2020.9031150.

41. D. Askay, L. Metcalf, L. Rosenberg and G. Willcox, "Enhancing Group Social Perceptiveness through a Swarm-based Decision-Making Platform", Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-52), 2019.

42. G. Willcox and L. Rosenberg, "Short Paper: Swarm Intelligence Amplifies the IQ of Collaborating Teams," 2019 Second International Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Industries (AI4I), Laguna Hills, CA, USA, 2019, pp. 111-114, doi: 10.1109/AI4I46381.2019.00036

43. Patel, B.N., Rosenberg, L., Willcox, G. et al. Human–machine partnership with artificial intelligence for chest radiograph diagnosis. npj Digit. Med. 2, 111 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-019-0189-7

44. Willcox G., Rosenberg L., Schumann H. (2020) Group Sales Forecasting, Polls vs. Swarms. In: Arai K., Bhatia R., Kapoor S. (eds) Proceedings of the Future Technologies Conference (FTC) 2019. FTC 2019. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1069. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32520-6_5

45. L. Metcalf, D. A. Askay and L. B. Rosenberg, "Keeping Humans in the Loop: Pooling Knowledge through Artificial Swarm Intelligence to Improve Business Decision Making", California Management Review, 2019, [online] Available: https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125619862256.

46. H. Schumann, G. Willcox, L. Rosenberg and N. Pescetelli, "Human Swarming" Amplifies Accuracy and ROI when Forecasting Financial Markets," 2019 IEEE International Conference on Humanized Computing and Communication (HCC), Laguna Hills, CA, USA, 2019, pp. 77-82, doi: 10.1109/HCC46620.2019.00019.

47. G. Willcox, D. Askay, L. Rosenberg, L. Metcalf, B. Kwong and R. Liu, "Measuring Group Personality with Swarm AI," 2019 First International Conference on Transdisciplinary AI (TransAI), Laguna Hills, CA, USA, 2019, pp. 10-17, doi: 10.1109/TransAI46475.2019.00010.

48. G. Willcox, L. Rosenberg, R. Donovan and H. Schumann, "Dense Neural Network used to Amplify the Forecasting Accuracy of real-time Human Swarms," 2019 11th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN), Honolulu, HI, USA, 2019, pp. 69-74, doi: 10.1109/CICN.2019.8902352.

49. Willcox G., Rosenberg L., Askay D., Metcalf L., Harris E., Domnauer C. (2020) Artificial Swarming Shown to Amplify Accuracy of Group Decisions in Subjective Judgment Tasks. In: Arai K., Bhatia R. (eds) Advances in Information and Communication. FICC 2019. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 70. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12385-7_29

50. L. Rosenberg, G. Willcox, D. Askay, L. Metcalf and E. Harris, "Amplifying the Social Intelligence of Teams Through Human Swarming," 2018 First International Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Industries (AI4I), Laguna Hills, CA, USA, 2018, pp. 23-26, doi: 10.1109/AI4I.2018.8665698.

51. L. Rosenberg and G. Willcox, "Artificial Swarm Intelligence vs Vegas Betting Markets," 2018 11th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE), Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2018, pp. 36-39, doi: 10.1109/DeSE.2018.00014.

52. L. Rosenberg, M. Lungren, S. Halabi, G. Willcox, D. Baltaxe and M. Lyons, "Artificial Swarm Intelligence employed to Amplify Diagnostic Accuracy in Radiology," 2018 IEEE 9th Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON), Vancouver, BC, 2018, pp. 1186-1191, doi: 10.1109/IEMCON.2018.8614883.

53. Halabi, Safwan, Matthew P. Lungren, Louis B. Rosenberg, David Baltaxe, Bhavik Patel, Jayne Seekins, Francis Blakenberg, David Mong, Timothy Amrhein, Pranav Raipurkar, David Larson, Jeremy Irvin, Robyn L. Ball, Curtis P. Langlotz and Gregg Willcox. “Radiology SWARM : Novel Crowdsourcing Tool for CheXNet Algorithm Validation.” (2018). (link)

54. L. Rosenberg and G. Willcox, "Artificial Swarms find Social Optima: (Late Breaking Report)," 2018 IEEE Conference on Cognitive and Computational Aspects of Situation Management (CogSIMA), Boston, MA, 2018, pp. 174-178, doi: 10.1109/COGSIMA.2018.8423987.

55. L. Rosenberg and N. Pescetelli, "Amplifying prediction accuracy using Swarm A.I.," 2017 Intelligent Systems Conference (IntelliSys), London, 2017, pp. 61-65, doi: 10.1109/IntelliSys.2017.8324329.

56. L. Rosenberg, N. Pescetelli and G. Willcox, "Artificial Swarm Intelligence amplifies accuracy when predicting financial markets," 2017 IEEE 8th Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (UEMCON), New York, NY, 2017, pp. 58-62, doi: 10.1109/UEMCON.2017.8248984.

57. Louis Rosenberg and Niccolo Pescetelli, “Swarm AI to Detect Deceit in Facial Expressions” Special Issue, 9(1), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14569/SpecialIssue.2018.0901157

58. Rosenberg, Louia “The Rise of the Human Hive Mind” – D/SRUPTION Magazine, May 2017 (32-35) https://issuu.com/disruption/docs/dis05_issu

59. L.B. Rosenberg, Human Swarms amplify accuracy in Honesty Detection, Collective Intelligence 2017. New York, NY; 2017.

60. L. Rosenberg and N. Pescetelli, "Amplifying prediction accuracy using Swarm A.I.," 2017 Intelligent Systems Conference (IntelliSys), London, UK, 2017, pp. 61-65, doi: 10.1109/IntelliSys.2017.8324329. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8324329

61. L.B. Rosenberg, D. Baltaxe, and N. Pescetelli, Amplifying Prediction Accuracy using Human Swarms,  Collective Intelligence 2017. New York, NY; 2017.  

62. L. Rosenberg, "Artificial Swarm Intelligence vs human experts," 2016 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2016, pp. 2547-2551, doi: 10.1109/IJCNN.2016.7727517.

63. L.B. Rosenberg. Artificial Swarm Intelligence, a Human-in-the-loop approach to AI. Thirtieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 2016. https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/9833

64. L.B. Rosenberg, “Are We Destined to be Outplayed by A.I.” – Singularity Weblog (2016). https://www.singularityweblog.com/are-we-destined-to-be-out-played-by-ai/

65. L.B. Rosenberg, D. Baltaxe, and N. Pescetelli, Crowds vs Swarms: a Comparison of Intelligence, Swarm/Human Blended Intelligence (SHBI), 2016, Cleveland, OH, 2016

66. L.B. Rosenberg and D. Baltaxe, Setting Group Priorities, Polls vs Swarms, Swarm/Human Blended Intelligence (SHBI), 2016, Cleveland, OH, 2016

67. Rosenberg, Louis.  Keeping up With A.I: Why Humanity Must Cultivate a ‘Hive Mind’, Futurism 2016.  https://futurism.com/keeping-humanity-must-cultivate-hive-mind

68. L.B. Rosenberg and D. Baltaxe, Swarm Intelligence and the Morality of the Hive Mind, in Collective Intelligence 2016. New York, NY; 2016.

69. Rosenberg, Louis “Artificial Intelligence Isn’t Just About Intelligence but Manipulating Humanity,” Futurism Magazine, 2016. https://futurism.com/artificial-intelligence-isnt-intelligence-manipulating-humanity 

70. L.B. Rosenberg, Human Swarms, a real-time Paradigm for Collective Intelligence, in Collective Intelligence 2015. Santa Clara, CA ; 2015.

71. L.B. Rosenberg, “How Swarm Intelligence could save us from the dangers of A.I.”, VentureBeat Magazine. November  22, 2015

72. L.B. Rosenberg, Human Swarming, a real-time method for Parallel Distributed Intelligence, Swarm-Human Blended Intelligence (SHBI), 2015, Cleveland, OH, 2015, doi: 10.1109/SHBI.2015.7321685

73. L.B. Rosenberg, Human Swarms, a real-time method for collective intelligence. Proceedings of the European Conference on Artificial Life, 2015, pp. 658-659.

74. L.B. Rosenberg, Human Swarming and the future of Collective Intelligence – Singularity, 2015 https://www.singularityweblog.com/human-swarming-and-the-future-of-collective-intelligence/

75. L.B. Rosenberg and G. J. Petersen, Time-Lapse Video as a Self Reflection Tool for Collaborative Learning Projects, Journal of Research for Educational Leaders, Vol. 4, No. 2, Spring 2008.

76. L.B. Rosenberg and J. Gentilucci, The Use of First-Person Video to Support Teacher Education, ED-MEDIA Worldwide Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia, & Telecommunications, Vancouver, Canada, June 25-29, 2007.

77. L.B. Rosenberg, Design is Elementary. Ambidextrous Magazine: The Stanford University Journal of Design. Issue #5.  Fall 2006. 

78. L.B. Rosenberg, Time-lapse Video as a Self-Reflection Tool for Collaborative Design Experiences, Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) PSW Section Conference, Pomona, CA, April 20-21, 2006.

79. L.B. Rosenberg, Design of a Constructivist Learning Experience that Uses GPS Technology, ED-MEDIA Worldwide Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia, & Telecommunications, Lugano, Switzerland, June 21-26, 2004.

80. "User Performance in a GUI Pointing Task With a Low-Cost Force-Feedback Computer Mouse." Proceedings of the ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. Dynamic Systems and Control. Anaheim, California, USA. November 15–20, 1998. pp. 151-156. ASME. 

81. L.B. Rosenberg, Adding a Realistic Sense of Feel to the Computer Experience, white paper, Immersion Corporation, San Jose, Calif., Oct. 1997.

82. Wiet G, Yagel R, Stredney D, Schmalbrock P, Sesanna DJ, Kurzion Y, Rosenberg LB, Levin M, and K. Martin, A Volumetric Approach to Virtual Simulation of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, Proceedings of Medicine Meets Virtual Reality, K.S. Morgan et al, (Eds.) IOS Press, 1997 pgs. 167-179.

83. Louis B. Rosenberg and Scott Brave "Use of force feedback to enhance graphical user interfaces", Proc. SPIE 2653, Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems III, (10 April 1996); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.237444 (pdf link)

84. Louis Rosenberg and Scott Brave. 1996. Using force feedback to enhance human performance in graphical user interfaces. In Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '96). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 291–292. https://doi.org/10.1145/257089.257327 

85. L.B. Rosenberg, How to Assess the Quality of Force-Feedback Systems,   The Journal of Medicine and Virtual Reality. Vol 1, No 1. Spring 1995.

86. Yagel, R., Stredney, D., Wiet, G. J., Schmalbrock, P., Rosenberg, L., Sessana, D. J., Kurzion, Y., AND King, S. Multisensory platform for surgical simulation. In IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium 1996

87. R. Yagel, D. Stredney, G. J. Wiet, P. Schmalbrock, L. Rosenberg, D. J. Sessanna, and Y. Kurzion. Building a virtual environment for endoscopic sinus surgery simulation. Computers and Graphics, 20(6):813--823, December 1996.

88. L.B. Rosenberg and D. Stredney, A Haptic Inteface for Simulation of Endoscopic Surgery, Health Care in the Information Age, IOS Press and Ohmsha, 1996 (pp. 371-387) 10.3233/978-1-60750-873-1-371

89. D. Stredney, D. Sessanna, J. McDonald, and L.B. Rosenberg, A Virtual Simulation Environment for Learning Epidural Anesthesia, Health Care in the Information Age, IOS Press and Ohmsha, 1996  10.3233/978-1-60750-873-1-164

90. Louis Rosenberg. 1996. Haptic challenge: an I-FORCE computer game. In ACM SIGGRAPH 96 Visual Proceedings: The art and interdisciplinary programs of SIGGRAPH '96 (SIGGRAPH '96). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 70. https://doi.org/10.1145/253607.253675

91. L.B. Rosenberg, Human Interface Hardware for Virtual Laparoscopic Surgery,  Interactive Techbology and the New Paradigm for Healthcare, IOS Press & Ohmsha, 1995.

92. L.B. Rosenberg and B. Jackson, Force Feedback and Medical Simulation,  Interactive Technology and the New Paradigm for Healthcare, IOS Press & Ohmsha, 1995. 10.3233/978-1-60750-862-5-147

93. Louis Rosenberg, Tim Lacey, Don Stredney, (1995), Haptic Interface for Virtual Reality Simulation and Training, USAF Technical Report ADA297231, Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) - 10.13140/RG.2.2.19502.18244

94. J. S. McDonald, L.B. Rosenberg,  D. Stredney, Virtual Reality Technology Applied to Anesthesiology,   Interactive Technology and the New Paradigm for Healthcare, IOS Press & Ohmsha, 1995.

95. L. B. Rosenberg, Virtual haptic overlays enhance performance in telepresence tasks.  SPIE Telemanipulator & Telepresence Technologies, Boston 1994.

96. L. B. Rosenberg and R. B. Gillespie, Design of High-Fideltiy Haptic Display for One-Dimensional Force Reflection Applications.  SPIE Telemanipulator & Telepresence Technologies, Boston 1994.

97. L. B. Rosenberg, The Virtual Laparoscopic Interface. Proceedings Virtual Reality & Medicine, The Cutting Edge, New York 1994.

98. L. B. Rosenberg, The Perceptual Design of Virtual Haptic Sensations. Proceedings Virtual Reality Systems Conference 1993. (VRAIC

99. Louis B. Rosenberg. 1994. Design of a virtual rigid surface: haptic/audio registration. In Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '94). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 257–258. https://doi.org/10.1145/259963.260473

100. L.B. Rosenberg,  Medical Applications of Virtual Reality, Virtual Reality Systems Magazine, March 1994.

101. L. B. Rosenberg, Virtual Fixtures aid Telerobotic Control. Proceedings AAAI Spring Symposium, Towards Physical Interaction and Manipulation. 1994.

102. Louis Rosenberg, Virtual Fixtures: Perceptual Overlays Enhance Operator Performance.  Ph.D. Thesis, Stanford University, June 1994.  

103. L. B. Rosenberg.  The Use of Virtual Fixtures to Enhance Telemanipulation with Time Delay.  Proceedings, ASME Winter Annual Meeting on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environments and Teleoperator Systems, New Orleans, Louisiana 1993

104. L. B. Rosenberg. Perceptual Design of a Virtual Rigid Surface Contact . Technical Report AL-TR-1995-0029, USAF Armstrong Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB OH, 1993. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA296190.pdf 

105. L. B. Rosenberg. The use of Virtual Fixtures to Enhance Operator Performance in Time Delayed Teleoperation.. Technical Report AL-TR-1994-0139, USAF Armstrong Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB OH, 1993. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA296363.pdf 

106. L. B. Rosenberg.  The Effect of Interocular Distance upon Operator Performance using Stereoscopic Displays to Perform Virtual Depth Tasks.  Proceedings IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium, in Proc. VRAIS 1993, pp. 27-32.

107. L. B. Rosenberg. Virtual Fixtures: Perceptual Tools.  Proceedings IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium, 1993 

108. L. B. Rosenberg, B. D. Adlestein. The Perceptual Decomposition of Virtual Haptic Surfaces  Proceedings of IEEE Symposium in Research Frontiers in Virtual Reality. 1993.

109. L. B. Rosenberg.  The Use of Virtual Fixtures As Perceptual Overlays to Enhance Operator Performance in Remote Environments.  Technical Report AL-TR-0089, USAF Armstrong Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB OH, 1992.

110. L. B. Rosenberg, "The Use of Virtual Fixtures to Enhance Operator Performance in Telepresence Environments" SPIE Telemanipulator Technology, 1993.

111. L. B. Rosenberg.  The Effect of Interocular Distance upon Depth Perception when Using Stereoscopic Displays to Perform work within Virtual and Telepresent Environments. (1992) Technical Report AL-TR-1994-0052, USAF Armstrong Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB OH, 1992.